PHP and Mysql For Dynamic Web Sites: Instructor'S Notes

VISUAL QUICKPRO GUIDE
PHP and MySQL for

Dynamic Web Sites 4th Edition
Instructors Notes
Chapter 2: Programming with PHP
Copyright 2012 by Larry Ullman
LEARN THE QUICK AND EASY WAY!
Learning Outcomes
Identify how key pieces of an HTML form relate to PHP

Choose the proper HTML form method
Handle HTML form data in a PHP script
Use common conditionals
Recognize and use the standard operators
Validate form data in several ways
Learning Outcomes
Identify what arrays are

Recognize the superglobal arrays
Create arrays using different approaches
Access every element in an array
Sort arrays
Convert between arrays and strings
Use loops
An HTML Form
<form action="handle_form.php" method="post">
<p><label>Name: <input type="text" name="name" size="20"
maxlength="40" /></label></p>
<p><label>Email Address: <input type="text" name="email" size="40"
maxlength="60" /></label></p>
<p><label for="gender">Gender: </label><input type="radio"
name="gender" value="M" /> Male <input type="radio" name="gender"
value="F" /> Female</p>
<p><label>Age:
<select name="age">
<option value="0-29">Under 30</option>
<option value="30-60">Between 30 and 60</option>
<option value="60+">Over 60</option>
</select></label></p>
<p><label>Comments: <textarea name="comments" rows="3"
cols="40"></textarea></label></p>
<p align="center"><input type="submit" name="submit" value="Submit
My Information" /></p>
</form>
Choosing a Method
GET
The standard method for
all server requests
Data appended to the
URL
Can be bookmarked
User can click Back
Used for requesting
information
POST
Data is not visible in the
URL
Much larger limit on the
amount of data that can
be submitted
Can send files
Users see warnings if
they click Back
Used for requesting action
Handling a Form
Use $_REQUEST['name']
Or use $_GET['name'] and $_POST['name'],
depending upon the forms method value
Always load the form through a URL!
Handling a Form
<?php # Script 2.2 - handle_form.php
// Create a shorthand for the form data:
$name = $_REQUEST['name'];
$email = $_REQUEST['email'];
$comments = $_REQUEST['comments'];
// Print the submitted information:
echo "<p>Thank you, <b>$name</b>, for the following comments:<br />
<tt>$comments</tt></p>
<p>We will reply to you at <i>$email</i>.</p>\n;
?>
Common Problems
Failure to load the form through a URL
Incorrect reference to the PHP script (e.g., location or
name)
Case-sensitivity issue with PHP variables
Incorrect element names in the HTML form
Conditionals
if (condition) {
// Do this!
}
if (condition) {
// Do this!
} else {
// Do that!
}
if (condition1) {
// Do this!
} elseif (condition2) {
// Do that!
} else {
// Do whatever!
}
What is true?
$var, if $var has a value other than 0, an empty
string, FALSE, or NULL
isset($var), if $var has any value other than NULL,
including 0, FALSE, or an empty string
TRUE, true, True, etc.
Operators
Symbol
Meaning
Type
==
is equal to
comparison
!=
is not equal to
comparison
<
less than
comparison
>
greater than
comparison
<=
less than or equal to
comparison
>=
greater than or equal to
comparison
not
logical
&&
and
logical
AND
and
logical
||
or
logical
OR
or
logical
XOR
and not
logical
Validating Form Data

Never trust external data!
Use isset() to confirm variable has a value
Use !empty() to confirm variable has a non-empty
value
Check the datas type, when appropriate, for
example, using is_numeric()
Check the datas value, when appropriate.
Introducing Arrays
Arrays hold multiple values in one variable

Series of key-value pairs
Indexed arrays use numbers for keys
Associative arrays use strings
Indexed arrays begin at 0 by default
Accessing Arrays
// Use array notation to access individual elements:
$band = $artists[0];
echo $states['MD'];
// You cant do this:
echo "My list of states: $states";
// Or this:
echo "IL is $states['IL']."; // BAD!
Superglobal Arrays
$_GET
$_POST
$_REQUEST
$_SERVER
$_ENV
$_SESSION
$_COOKIE
Creating Arrays
$band[] = 'Jemaine';
$band[] = 'Bret';
$band[] = 'Murray';
$band['fan'] = 'Mel';
$band['fan'] = 'Dave'; // New value
$fruit[2] = 'apple';
$fruit[2] = 'orange'; // New value
$states = array (
'IA' => 'Iowa',
'MD' => 'Maryland'
);
$artists = array ('Clem Snide', 'Shins', 'Eels');
Looping Through Arrays

foreach ($array as $value) {
// Do something with $value.
}
// Or:
foreach ($array as $key => $value) {
echo "The value at $key is $value.";
}
Sorting Arrays
sort(), by value, dropping the keys

asort(), by value, maintaining the keys
ksort(), by key, maintaining the values
rsort(), sort() in reverse order
arsort(), asort() in reverse order
krsort(), ksort() in reverse order
Arrays and Strings

$array = explode (separator, $string);
$string = implode (glue, $array);
$s1 = 'Mon-Tue-Wed-Thu-Fri';
$days_array = explode ('-', $s1);
// $days_array now a five-element array, with Mon indexed at 0.
$s2 = implode (', ', $days_array);
// $s2 now a comma-separated list of days: Mon, Tue, Wed, Thu, Fri.
While Loops
while (condition) {
// Do something.
}
For Loops
for (initial expression; condition; closing expression) {
// Do something.
}
for ($i = 1; $i <= 10; $i++) {
echo $i;
}

PHP and Mysql For Dynamic Web Sites: Instructor'S Notes

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PHP and Mysql For Dynamic Web Sites: Instructor'S Notes

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VISUAL QUICKPRO GUIDE

PHP and MySQL for

LEARN THE QUICK AND EASY WAY!

VISUAL QUICKPRO GUIDE

Identify how key pieces of an HTML form relate to PHP

LEARN THE QUICK AND EASY WAY!

VISUAL QUICKPRO GUIDE

Identify what arrays are

LEARN THE QUICK AND EASY WAY!

VISUAL QUICKPRO GUIDE

VISUAL QUICKPRO GUIDE

LEARN THE QUICK AND EASY WAY!

VISUAL QUICKPRO GUIDE

LEARN THE QUICK AND EASY WAY!

VISUAL QUICKPRO GUIDE

LEARN THE QUICK AND EASY WAY!

VISUAL QUICKPRO GUIDE

LEARN THE QUICK AND EASY WAY!

VISUAL QUICKPRO GUIDE

LEARN THE QUICK AND EASY WAY!

VISUAL QUICKPRO GUIDE

LEARN THE QUICK AND EASY WAY!

VISUAL QUICKPRO GUIDE

less than or equal to

greater than or equal to

LEARN THE QUICK AND EASY WAY!

VISUAL QUICKPRO GUIDE

Validating Form Data

LEARN THE QUICK AND EASY WAY!

VISUAL QUICKPRO GUIDE

Arrays hold multiple values in one variable

LEARN THE QUICK AND EASY WAY!

VISUAL QUICKPRO GUIDE

LEARN THE QUICK AND EASY WAY!

VISUAL QUICKPRO GUIDE

LEARN THE QUICK AND EASY WAY!

VISUAL QUICKPRO GUIDE

LEARN THE QUICK AND EASY WAY!

VISUAL QUICKPRO GUIDE

Looping Through Arrays

LEARN THE QUICK AND EASY WAY!

VISUAL QUICKPRO GUIDE

sort(), by value, dropping the keys

LEARN THE QUICK AND EASY WAY!

VISUAL QUICKPRO GUIDE

Arrays and Strings

LEARN THE QUICK AND EASY WAY!

VISUAL QUICKPRO GUIDE

LEARN THE QUICK AND EASY WAY!

VISUAL QUICKPRO GUIDE

LEARN THE QUICK AND EASY WAY!

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