Seminor On Prestressed Concrete
Seminor On Prestressed Concrete
Seminor On Prestressed Concrete
STRUCTURES
N.Saravanan
Roll No:
15012D2008.
PRESTRESSED CONCRETE
Prestressed concrete, invented by Fressinet in 1928 is a method for
overcoming concrete's natural weakness in tension . It can be used
to produce beams , floors or bridges with a longer span than is
practical with ordinary reinforced concrete.
PRINCIPLE Using high tensile strength steel alloys producing permanent
portion of tensile stress is counteracted thereby reducing the crosssectional area of the steel reinforcement .
METHODS :-
a) Pretensioning
b) Post-tensioning
PRETENSIONING :- Placing of concrete around reinforcing tendons that
These spaces are then pumped full of grout to bond steel tightly to the
concrete.
Pre-tensioned Concrete
tensioned tendons.
Pre-tensioned
POST - TENSIONING
WHAT IS POST-TENSIONING?
Post-tensioning-
is
a
method
of
reinforcing (strengthening) concrete or
other materials with high-strength steel
strands called tendons.
Post-tensioning
Requires
specialized
knowledge
and
expertise to fabricate, assemble and install.
After
adequate
curing
of
concrete,
reinforcing tendons (placed in side the
voids
of
the
structure)
are
tensioned/stretched by jacks on the sides &
grouts filled with appropriate mix.
Applications
a) Structural members
beams, bridge-deck panels, Roof Slabs,
Concrete Silos Etc.
BENEFITS
Concrete
is
very
strong
in
compression but weak in tension.
This deflection will cause the bottom
of the beam to elongate slightly &
cause cracking.
Steel reinforcing bars (rebar) are
typically embedded in the concrete
as tensile reinforcement to limit the
crack widths.
Rebar is what is called passive
reinforcement however; it does not
carry any force until the concrete has
already deflected enough to crack.
Post-tensioning tendons, on the other
hand,
are
considered
active
reinforcing.
Because it is prestressed, the steel is
effective as reinforcement even
though the concrete may not be
cracked .
Post-tensioned
structures can be
designed to have minimal deflection
and cracking, even under full load.
ADVANTAGES/APPLICATIONS
Post-tensioning
reduction in building
weight versus a
conventional concrete building with the same
number of floors reducing the foundation
load and can be a major advantage in seismic
areas.
A lower building
Post-tensioning is the system of choice for parking structures since it allows a high
degree of flexibility in the column layout, span lengths and ramp configurations.
In areas where there are expansive clays or soils with low bearing capacity, post-
the use of temporary intermediate supports. This minimizes the impact on the
environment and avoids disruption to water or road traffic below.
Post-tensioning can also be used to produce virtually crack-free concrete for water-
tanks.
The high tensile strength & precision of placement gives maximum efficiency in
units such as bridge members, building frames, bridge decks providing cost-time
savings.
CONSTRUCTION
the concrete.
Since post-tensioned concrete is cast in place at the job
Limitations of Prestressing
Method of post-tensioning
Wedges tensioned by
Tendons
jacks
TENDONS
Experience
onBridge.
Post-tensioning.
General arrangement of a Major
Details of PS Beams.
Stressing Details.
stress-relieved
low relaxation strands conforming to IS: 14268, with a minimum
ultimate tensile strength (U.T.S) of 184 KN. Necessary test certificate for conformity to
the above requirements were obtained from the manufacturers.
Sheathing is comprise of flexible 'ribbed conduit' type with minimum 51mm I.D.(54mm
O.D. ) for which friction coefficient = 0.25 and wobble coefficient k = 0.0045/m have
been assumed in the design. The sheathing was made from short lengths of not less
than 4 metres.
All strands of a tendon are stressed simultaneously. The slip at anchorage at each end of
Casting of Girders.
Stressing of Tendons..
Stressing Record.
Approximate
size
50" long
30.5" high
52" wide
Weight
560 lbs.
Production Rate
8 gallons per
minute
at 150 psi
variable up to 20
gpm, 261 psi
Mix Tank
13.0 CF with
bottom clean out
Mixing Pump
2 x 3 x 6 diffusertype centrifugal
Holding Tank
13.0 paddle
agitating
Drive Power
Air
Physical
Specifications
Dimensions
Colloidal Mixer
eight
1800-2800 lbs.
measured was 140mm and the it becomes a girder curved in plan. No crakes
were observed.
The design calculations indicate that the net upward deflection is 1.758 Cm due
to pre-stressing force and dead load of the girder which will further reduce to
almost zero when deck slab and SIDL load will act on the girder.
The following reasons were analyzed to fix the reason for the lateral sway.
stressing is done at both ends and elongation achieved tally with design table of
elongation with +or- 5 percent variation.
But, the Contractor wanted to utilize the girder as the above mentioned things
have been verified and stressing has been done as per design. As supervision
consultants we resisted to use the Girder and asked the contractor to
substantiate with the design calculations.
Finally, the Girder was rejected and instructed the contractor to replace
with new one as contractor was not come up with any such proposal to
utilize the same girder.
Reasons for the rejection of the Girder.
1. The allowable deflection of girder is L/250, which in our case should be
1.10Cm
(Clause 23.2 of IS 456-2000). But in no case Lateral deflection of girder is
permitted
in the code.
2. Lateral sway is not permitted for bridge girder either in IRC 18 or IRC 21.
3. But a deflection of 140/70 mm is unacceptable within the ambits of the
codes since bridge codes do not permit lateral deflections as the girder
becomes a girder curved in plan.
4. Girder curved in plan will induce torsional moment for which girders are not
designed.
Erection of Girders
Minor Bridge.
References
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prestressed_concrete
http://www.concretenetwork.com/post-tension/what-is.html
http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/courses/IITMADRAS/PreStressed_Concrete_Structures/pdf/1_Introduction/1.2_Advantages_Typ
es%20of%20Prestressing.pdf
http://www.scribd.com/doc/22420304/1-3-Pre-Tensioning-Systems
http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/courses/IITMADRAS/PreStressed_Concrete_Structures/pdf/1_Introduction/1.1_Introduction.pdf
Prestressed Concrete - By N.Krishna Raju.
The end