Quality Enhancement of Crops
Quality Enhancement of Crops
Quality Enhancement of Crops
Approaches
Quality Enhancement of
Crops
Quality- Degree of excellence
Nutritional quality
Organoleptic quality
Processing quality
Nutritional Quality
Proteins
Carbohydrate
Oil content
Vitamins
Minerals
Proteins
Classification of proteins on the basis of
solubility
Albumin fraction- water
Globulin-water
Prolamine- alcohol
Glutenin- dilute acid
Deficient
cys
Cereals
Lys, tryp
Pulses
met,
Prolamine fraction
Crop
prolamine fraction
amino acid
Wheat
Maize
Barley
Sorghum
Rice
Pear millet
gliadin
zein
hordein
kafirin
oryzein
prolamine
limiting
lys, threo
lys, tryp
lys
lys, tryp
lys
lys
4.
Improvement of cystein in
pulses
Cystein biosynthesis (multiple codon)
Substitution of non-esssential amino acids
Starch:
called amyloplast
of gel after heating the starch in water and cooling. Amylose tend
to aggregate and crystallize on cooling, whereas amylopectin gels
are more stable and desirable for food processing. Amylose rich
starch is a valuable feedstock for industrial purpose.
Oil quality
Quantity and composition of fatty acids impart
erucic
c 10
18:3
c12
c22
c14
c16
c18
18:1
18:2
oxidation
Medium chain(c12, 14)-soaps and detergents
Metabolic engineering of
lipids
Improvement of existing lipid products
Engineering of novel lipid products
Purpose
Decreased levels of
unsaturated fatty acid in
Cocoa seeds
Strategy to decrease
desaturation in PUFA oilseeds
Antisense suppression of stearoyl CoA
Modification of degree of
saturation
Decreased levels of unsaturated fatty acid in
Cocoa seeds to make chocolates that remain
solid in warm weather.
High stearic acid oil in oilseed rape
Insertion of antisense construct of the
9desaturase gene resulted in decreased amount
of desaturase enzyme which in turn led to
decreased formation of oleic acid and a rise in the
proportion of stearic acid.
High oleic acid oil in oilseed rape
Antisense suppression of 12desaturase gene
Biofortification
I saw a few dying of hunger, of eating, more than
thousand
Provitamin A (-carotene)
Immature rice endosperm-GGDP_ -carotene
Requires 3 enzymes, absent in rice kernel
Iron-rich Rice
Rice contain Phytate which entraps 95% of
dietary iron
Phytase-resist high temperature
Ferritin (iron storage protein)
Gene for cystein rich protein-for absorption of
iron