Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 998 views

    Foliar Fertilization

    Uploaded by

    nkar037
    Foliar fertilization refers to applying liquid fertilizer directly to plant leaves. Plants can absorb nutrients through their leaves, stems, and bark. Foliar application allows for quick correction of nutrient deficiencies compared to soil application. It works by nutrients penetrating the plant cuticle and cell walls to be absorbed into the plant. The effectiveness depends on factors like formulation, leaf conditions, and application method. Advantages include high nutrient utilization rates and quick plant response. Disadvantages include possible leaf burn and inefficient absorption if water pH is too high. Foliar fertilization can increase yields and quality when used to supplement traditional soil fertilization.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Foliar Fertilization

    Uploaded by

    nkar037
    998 views25 pages
    Foliar fertilization refers to applying liquid fertilizer directly to plant leaves. Plants can absorb nutrients through their leaves, stems, and bark. Foliar application allows for quick correction of nutrient deficiencies compared to soil application. It works by nutrients penetrating the plant cuticle and cell walls to be absorbed into the plant. The effectiveness depends on factors like formulation, leaf conditions, and application method. Advantages include high nutrient utilization rates and quick plant response. Disadvantages include possible leaf burn and inefficient absorption if water pH is too high. Foliar fertilization can increase yields and quality when used to supplement traditional soil fertilization.

    Original Description:

    Foliar Fertilization

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Foliar fertilization refers to applying liquid fertilizer directly to plant leaves. Plants can absorb nutrients through their leaves, stems, and bark. Foliar application allows for quick correction of nutrient deficiencies compared to soil application. It works by nutrients penetrating the plant cuticle and cell walls to be absorbed into the plant. The effectiveness depends on factors like formulation, leaf conditions, and application method. Advantages include high nutrient utilization rates and quick plant response. Disadvantages include possible leaf burn and inefficient absorption if water pH is too high. Foliar fertilization can increase yields and quality when used to supplement traditional soil fertilization.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    998 views25 pages

    Foliar Fertilization

    Uploaded by

    nkar037
    Foliar fertilization refers to applying liquid fertilizer directly to plant leaves. Plants can absorb nutrients through their leaves, stems, and bark. Foliar application allows for quick correction of nutrient deficiencies compared to soil application. It works by nutrients penetrating the plant cuticle and cell walls to be absorbed into the plant. The effectiveness depends on factors like formulation, leaf conditions, and application method. Advantages include high nutrient utilization rates and quick plant response. Disadvantages include possible leaf burn and inefficient absorption if water pH is too high. Foliar fertilization can increase yields and quality when used to supplement traditional soil fertilization.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 25

    FOLIAR

    FERTILIZATION

    PPT by
    N.ANKITHA
    P.SWATHI
    Presentation by
    NAVNEETH KRISHNAN AR
    P.JAGADISH
    S JAYARAMAN

    Plant Nutrition
    Plant nutrition refers to the need for basic chemical elements for plant growth. The term fertilization
    refers to the application of plant nutrients to supplement the nutrients naturally occurring in the soil.
    Proper plant nutrition for optimal productivity in crops requires that nutrient deficiencies be avoided.
    However, deficiencies occur for a variety of reasons, most of which

    Use of soil and tissue tests.


    An understanding of crop
    requirements.
    Timely applications of nutrients.

    can be rectified by:

    How to identify Nutrient Deficiency in Plants ?


    Nitrogen
    Uniform over leaf,
    small leaves
    Sulphur
    if symptoms also
    on young leaves

    Chlorosis

    Interveinal or blotchy

    Magnesium

    Tip or edge scorch,


    interveinal
    yellowing/browning

    Phosphorous

    Interveinal or
    bloctchy, varying
    shades of color

    Magnesium

    Old & mature


    leaves

    Necrosis

    Why Foliar Application ?


    To correct any nutrient deficiency in a standing crop
    To maintain optimum level of a particular nutrient
    To give a crop the nutritional boost at a critical
    juncture in life.

    Foliar Fertilization Historically


    There is a wealth of literature about foliar fertilization which was first
    used as long ago as 1844 to correct plant chlorosis with foliar sprays
    of iron (Gris, 1844).
    Used widely and for many years in horticulture (fruit and vegetables)
    In row-crop agriculture the practice has only caught on in the past
    two decades
    The deficiencies in plants involve secondary nutrients and
    micronutrients, foliar feeding often becomes the preferred means of
    correction.

    Introduction:
    The term foliar fertilization refers to the application of fertilizers by spraying or
    dusting the leaves of the plants.
    Foliar fertilization is a technique of feeding plants by applying liquid fertilizer
    directly to their leaves. Plants are able to absorb essential elements through their
    leaves.
    The absorption takes place through their stomata and also through their
    epidermis.
    Transport is usually faster through the stomata, but total absorption may be as
    great through the epidermis. Plants are also able to absorb nutrients through their
    bark.
    The application of foliar sprays of one or more mineral nutrients to plants to
    supplement traditional soil applications of fertilizers.

    Howto
    tomake
    makeFoliar
    FoliarFertilization:
    Fertilization:
    How
    The most effective means of foliar application is the use of spray
    equipment. Either low pressure or high pressure equipment may be
    used.

    Spray equipment

    provides better placement, less loss


    by dripping and more effective coverage of the foliage than most other
    methods of application.

    The hose-end applicator

    may be used also. It does not


    provide as accurate coverage as the spray equipment does. It also results in
    greater loss of plant nutrients as it has a broader coverage than other types of
    spray. However, its lower cost, lower maintenance and ease of use often offset
    these disadvantages, especially for the home gardener.

    Sprinkler can.

    Foliar applications may be made also by use of a


    This has the same disadvantage as the hose-end applicator. However, it is
    satisfactory for the home gardener or other small scale use.

    How does Foliar Application


    work ?

    Mechanism of Foliar
    Fertilization :
    In order for a foliar fertilizer nutrient to be utilized by the plant
    for growth, it must first gain entry into the leaf prior to entering
    the cytoplasm of a cell in the leaf.
    To achieve this the nutrient must effectively penetrate the the
    outer cuticle and the wall of the underlying epidermal cell.
    Once penetration has occurred, nutrient absorption by the cell is
    similar to absorption by the roots.
    Of all the components of the pathway of foliar-applied nutrients,
    the cuticle offers the greatest resistance.
    The

    Component Fertilizers for Foliar Fertilization


    Synthetic Fertilizers
    Most soluble conventional fertilizer materials can be used for foliar
    fertilization.
    Hot mix liquid and dry soluble formulations are usually preferred, as
    they are designed to be dissolved in water and contain few
    contaminants.
    Fertilizers containing significant amounts of chlorine, however, should
    be avoided to reduce the chances of plant damage. Note that
    synthetic fertilizer materials are not permitted in organic production.

    Organic Fertilizers
    Fish-based fertilizers (fish emulsion or fish powder) and seaweed
    (soluble seaweed powder or seaweed extract) are among the most
    common foliar feeds in organic farming, applied either separately
    or in combination.
    Compost tea has become popular as a foliar spray material
    because of its nutrient content and disease-suppressive
    characteristics.
    Other soluble organic materials and those from which extracts are
    easily made include worm castings, manure teas, humates,
    molasses, milk, B vitamins, and herbal extracts of plants like
    stinging nettle.

    How Often To Make Foliar


    Applications :
    Frequency of application depends upon the needs of the plant
    as judged by deficiency symptoms, growth rate of the plant, age
    of plant, etc.
    Generally applications should be made every six to eight weeks.
    Applications should be made as deficiency symptoms first
    appear although it is best to prevent the appearance of
    deficiency symptoms as yield and quality are reduced.

    Foliar Fertilization Examples:


    1.With Nitrogen:
    Importance:

    Nitrogen (N) is the element needed


    in the greatest amount and is often
    limiting
    N is a constituent of proteins,
    nucleic acids, hormones and
    chlorophyll.
    The most used foiar nutrient is
    Nitrogen-30-99% foliar Adsorbed

    2.With Potassium:

    Importance:

    Plant water relations


    Plant metabolism
    Photosynthesis &translocation
    Fiber development and quality

    Effectiveness

    of foliar applied nutrients is determined by

    (1) The condition of the leaf surface, in particular the waxy cuticle. The
    cuticle is only partially permeable to water and dissolved nutrients and,
    as a result, it can limit nutrient uptake.
    (2) The length of time the nutrient remains dissolved in the solution on
    the leaf's surface.
    (3) Diffusion, the movement of elements from a high concentration to a
    low concentration. For diffusion to occur, the nutrient must dissolve
    (4) The type of formulation. Water-soluble formulations generally work
    better for foliar applications as they are more easily absorbed when
    compared to insoluble solutions.

    Various factors affect the effectiveness of foliar feeding:

    pH of the foliar spray solution Nutrients must be in their soluble form in


    order for the plant to be able to absorb them. pH affects the solubility of
    nutrients and their interaction with other components in the water.
    Generally, acidic pH improves the penetration of nutrients through leaf
    surfaces.
    In addition, pH affects foliar absorption of nutrients in three other ways.
    pH affects the charge of the cuticle (a waxy layer covering the leaves)
    and therefore its selectivity to ions.
    The ionic form of nutrients is pH dependent, and therefore pH can affect
    the penetration rate.
    pH might affect the phytotoxicity of the sprayed compounds.

    What are the factors affecting


    Foliar Application ?

    What are the advantages of Foliar over


    Soil Application ?
    UTILIZATION OF APPLIED QUANTITY
    More than 90% fertilizer is utilized by the plant when applied in Foliar form.
    When a similar amount of fertilizer is applied in the soil, the plant utilizes
    only 10%

    TRANS-LOCATION WITHIN THE PLANT


    95% of the foliar fed nutrient solution can be found in the smallest root
    within 60 minutes if conditions are right

    FERTILIZER EFFICACY IN SANDY LOAM SOILS


    In sandy loam soils, foliar applied fertilizers are up to 20 times more
    effective when compared to soil applied fertilizers

    Deficiency History or
    Symptoms:
    In areas where crop production has continued for some time and
    where the interactions of particular crops and soils have been
    well studied, certain nutrient deficiencies are predictable.
    Deficiencies involve secondary nutrients and micronutrients,
    foliar feeding often becomes the preferred means of correction.
    For example, foliar feeding is routinely used in some regions to
    manage zinc deficiencies on pecan crops. Likewise, calcium
    sprays have often been recommended as one means to prevent
    blossom-end rot in tomatoes.

    Advantages
    Low cost
    Quick plant response
    The benefit of being able to respond immediately to plant conditions,
    Lack of soil fixation
    Independent of root uptake
    The use of only small quantities of fertilizer
    The ability to combine with other agrochemicals in a single application
    Increased quality and increased yields.
    No foliar burn (with KNO3 or K2SO4)

    Disadvantages

    Possible occurrence of foliar burn and effects of various plant organs and
    organ.
    Solubility problems especially with cold water,
    Inefficient absorption when the solution pH is too high.
    Practical problems associated with foliar fertilization include the detrimental
    effects of drought and increased leaf wax, the
    The correct location of the spray in the canopy, leaf age (physiological
    activity), the crop fruit load.
    The efficiency of foliar fertilization can also be affected by such practical
    factors as the choice of salt, concentration of salt, the pH of solution, the use of
    adjuvants, and compatibility with other chemicals.

    Conclusions :
    Proper plant nutrition for optimal crop productivity requires that
    nutrient deficiencies be avoided.
    Foliar fertilization can be used to improve the efficiency and
    rapidity of utilization of a nutrient urgently required by the plant for
    maximum growth and yield.
    Foliar fertilization can result in yield increases. Foliar fertilization
    can cause improved fibre quality.
    Foliar fertilization is a viable means of applying certain fertilizers
    that can supplement traditional soil methods.

    THANK YOU

    You might also like