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    5.) INDIA (Llana Tabotabo, Kyzza Ganer)

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    Katrina Issa A. Gelaga
    India is located on the Indian subcontinent in South Asia and has a long and diverse history. It has three main geographic regions - the northern plains, central plateau, and southern peninsula. India has the world's largest population and is a very ethnically and linguistically diverse country, with Hinduism being the dominant religion. Ancient Indian civilization began along the Indus River valley over 3000 BC. British rule in the 19th century modernized India but also stimulated nationalist sentiments, leading to independence in 1947.

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    5.) INDIA (Llana Tabotabo, Kyzza Ganer)

    Uploaded by

    Katrina Issa A. Gelaga
    82 views16 pages
    India is located on the Indian subcontinent in South Asia and has a long and diverse history. It has three main geographic regions - the northern plains, central plateau, and southern peninsula. India has the world's largest population and is a very ethnically and linguistically diverse country, with Hinduism being the dominant religion. Ancient Indian civilization began along the Indus River valley over 3000 BC. British rule in the 19th century modernized India but also stimulated nationalist sentiments, leading to independence in 1947.

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    5.) INDIA ( Llana Tabotabo, Kyzza Ganer)

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    India is located on the Indian subcontinent in South Asia and has a long and diverse history. It has three main geographic regions - the northern plains, central plateau, and southern peninsula. India has the world's largest population and is a very ethnically and linguistically diverse country, with Hinduism being the dominant religion. Ancient Indian civilization began along the Indus River valley over 3000 BC. British rule in the 19th century modernized India but also stimulated nationalist sentiments, leading to independence in 1947.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    82 views16 pages

    5.) INDIA (Llana Tabotabo, Kyzza Ganer)

    Uploaded by

    Katrina Issa A. Gelaga
    India is located on the Indian subcontinent in South Asia and has a long and diverse history. It has three main geographic regions - the northern plains, central plateau, and southern peninsula. India has the world's largest population and is a very ethnically and linguistically diverse country, with Hinduism being the dominant religion. Ancient Indian civilization began along the Indus River valley over 3000 BC. British rule in the 19th century modernized India but also stimulated nationalist sentiments, leading to independence in 1947.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 16

    Geography

    Indus River(site of one of the worlds oldest civilizations).


    Huge triangular peninsula of South Asia

    3 DISTINCT LANDSCAPE
    1. Hindustan- in the north lies on the slope of the himalayas.
    2. Deccan Plateau- center is bounded by the Gnats (mountains) on the
    east and west.
    3. Tamil- south includes coastal plains on both sides.
    BASIC FACTS
    . Worlds largest democracy
    . Worlds 7th largest industrial nation
    . 2nd largest textile producer
    . Largest exporter of jewelry
    . Worlds largest population
    . 14 languages & 831 dialects
    . Hindi- language

    PEOPLE

    Majority are Aryan (Caucasian) origin; the rest- Mongoloid or


    Negroid
    Hinduism- dominant religion (85%); the rest- Muslim, Buddhist,
    Sikh, Jain, Christian & Parsee.

    EARLY HISTORY
    3000 B.C - civilization begun (Indus Valley)
    Mohendro-Daro & Harrapa- ruins of the ancient cities are found
    Dravidians- early dark-skinned people. They built cities, temples &
    artworks.
    2000 B.C.- Aryans invaded Indus Valley.
    - spoke Sanskrit, founded small kingdomsNorth India
    - Vedic literature, Sanskrit epics, Hinduism
    VEDIC LITERATURE
    Reflects life and culture on ancient Aryans.
    4 literary works:
    -vedas, brahmanas, arankayas, upanishads

    Vedas- Prayers, hymns, rituals & poetry.


    Brahmanas- prose texts containing observations on religious rites.
    Legends of exploits ancient kings & heroes.
    Arankayas- books of instructions for the hermits in the forest.
    Rules for the performance of religious ceremonies.
    Upanishads- book of instruction given by a father of his son.

    2 SANSKRIT EPICS:
    Mahabarata- longest epic poem in the world; lofty philosophical
    poem (Bhagayad Gita)
    Ramayana- shorter (Valmiki)
    HINDUISM- main religion. Begun as nature worship (animism). 300
    million gods & goddesses.
    BRAHMA- chief god, creator & world soul
    GURU- spiritual leader
    Karma & reincarnation

    BUDDHISM- Siddharta Gautama (6th century B.C.)


    Branches:
    -Mahayana- greater vehicle, involves priests
    -Hinayana- lesser, personal, direct worship
    4

    NOBLE TRUTHS:
    Mans life is filled w/ suffering.
    Mans suffering is caused by his selfish desires.
    Man can end his suffering by conquering his selfish desires.
    After suffering, man attains Nirvana ( perfect happiness)

    1.) PERSIAN & GREEK INVASION


    -end 6th century B.C.-Persian hordes of Darius conquered Aryan kingdoms.
    -Purdah- aramaic writing (practice secluding women at home wearing veil
    in public
    -Zoroastrianism- religion of Parsees in Bombay
    -326 B.C.- Alexander the Great (Macedonia)-invade india
    -opened to european trade, indian unity
    2.) MAURYA EMPIRE
    -1st hindu empire
    -Chandragupta Maurya- founder
    -Asoka(grandson)- greatest Maurya emperor,made buddhism state
    religion
    -inns, orphanages, hospitals
    -whole indian peninsula, except south india
    3.) GUPTA EMPIRE (Golden Age)
    -Chandragupta I (raja of Magadha)-founder
    -North & central India
    -middle 6th century A.D.- declined

    of

    4.) ISLAMIZATION
    -711 A.D.- invasion
    -14th century- islamic kings rule
    -Islam
    -destroyed hindu temples, persecuted Brahmans
    HINDUSTANI-( Islam-Hinduism) indian subcontinent, new language
    & literature
    Akbar the Great- grandson of Babur(founder of Mogul Empire)
    -south India, policy of reconcilation to Hindus
    Shah Jahan- grandson of Akbar, Taj Mahal (Agara)- Mumtaz Mahal
    (wife)
    -worlds most beautiful tomb
    5.) BRITISH IMPERIALIST

    CONTRIBUTION
    4 Religions- Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, Jainism
    Philosophical system(ahead)- yoga
    Panchatantra-1st fable
    The Clay Cart(Sudakra) & Sakuntata (Kalidasa)- 1st dramatic
    masterpieces
    Zero & numerals in math
    First arithmetic & Algebra

    BRITAIN- improvements- modern India:


    Centralized government,Customary laws
    Transportation, communications ( railways, highways, telephones,
    telegraph & postal system)
    Peoples lives- printing, newspapers, modern farming methods,
    irrigation systems, better sanitation & medical care.
    Western style education-English language & western values &
    practices
    INDIAN NATIONALISM
    Mohandas K. Gandhi- Father of Indian Independence (Mahatmagreat soul)
    August 15,1947- Independence day by Lord Mountbatten- last
    british viceroy

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