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F2032 Fundamentals of Os: Politeknik Ungku Omar

The document discusses operating system concepts including shell programs, network operating systems, operating system terminology like multitasking and preemptive multitasking, operating system structures, and major operating system subsystems like process management, memory management, and file system management. It provides examples and definitions for these key operating system topics.

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F2032
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246 views

F2032 Fundamentals of Os: Politeknik Ungku Omar

The document discusses operating system concepts including shell programs, network operating systems, operating system terminology like multitasking and preemptive multitasking, operating system structures, and major operating system subsystems like process management, memory management, and file system management. It provides examples and definitions for these key operating system topics.

Uploaded by

F2032
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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POLITEKNIK UNGKU OMAR

F2032
FUNDAMENTALS OF OS
Chapter 1
Introduction to Operating System
(Week2)

By Pn. Nor Anisah Binti Mohd Saad


Learning Outcomes

1. Explain what is a shell program.


2. Explain what is network operating system.
3. Illustrate the terminologies in operating system
4. Illustrate the operating system structure
5. Identify three major subsystem of operating system
Shell Program

 A software interface that's often a command line


interface that enables the user to interact with the
computer.
 Some examples of shells are MS-DOS Shell,
command.com, csh, ksh, and sh.
 When referring to a script, a shell script is a type of
script designed for a particular type of shell.
Shell Program

Command Line
 the command line is a user
interface that is navigated
by typing commands at
prompts.
 a command line only uses a
keyboard to navigate by
entering commands and
does not utilize a mouse.
 often more difficult to
learn because of the need
to memorize dozens of
different commands.
Shell Program

Graphical User interface


 A GUI uses windows, icons, and menus to carry out
commands such as opening files, deleting files, moving
files.
 many GUI Operating Systems are operated by using a
mouse, the keyboard can also be used by using keyboard
shortcuts or arrow keys. 
 GUI Operating Systems are much easier for end-users to
learn and use because commands do not need to be
known or memorized.
 Because of their ease of use, GUI Operating Systems have
become the dominant operating system used by end-users
today.
Shell Program

Topic Command line GUI


Because of the memorization Although new users may have a
and familiarity needed to difficult at time learning to use
operate a command line the mouse to operate and use a
Ease interface new users find it much GUI most users pick up this
more difficult to successfully interface much easier when
navigate and operate a compared to a command line
command line interface. interface.

Users have much more control Although a GUI offers plenty of


of their file system and control of a file system and
operating system in a command operating system often advance
line interface. For example, users or users who need to do
Control users can easily copy a specific specific task may need to resort
type of file from one location to to a command line to complete
another with a one-line that task.
command.
Shell Program

Topic Command line GUI


do not offer the same ease and GUI users have windows that
ability to view multiple things enable a user to easily view,
at once on one screen. control, and manipulate
Multitasking multiple things at once and is
commonly much faster to do
when compared to a
command line.

A command line interface user However, using a mouse


would be able to get something and/or keyboard to navigate
done faster then GUI user. and control your operating
Speed system for many things is
going to be much slower than
someone who is working in a
command line environment.
Network OS (NOS)

 A network operating system (NOS) is a computer OS that is


designed primarily to support workstation, personal computer and
in some instances, older terminal that are connected on a local
area network (LAN).
 NOS is the software that allows multiple computers to communicate,
share files and hardware devices with one another.
 Examples : Artisoft’s LANtastic, Banyan VINES, Windows NT.
 A network operating system provides printer sharing, common file
system and database sharing, application sharing, and the ability
to manage a network name directory, security, and other
housekeeping aspects of a network.
Terminologies in OS

Multitasking

Multithreadin Cooperative
g Multitasking

Non
Preemptive
Preemptive
multitasking
Multitasking
Terminologies in OS

 Multitasking
o is allowing a user to perform more than one computer
task at a time
o Process of having a computer perform multiple tasks
simultaneously.
o During multitasking, tasks such as listening to a CD or
browsing the Internet can be performed in the
background while using other programs in the
foreground such as an e-mail client.
Terminologies in OS

 Cooperative multitasking
o Type of Multitasking where the programs in the
background can only process data when the program in
the foreground is doing nothing.
Terminologies in OS

 Preemptive multitasking
o is task in which a computer operating system uses some
criteria to decide how long to allocate to any one task
before giving another task a turn to use the operating
system.
o Type of multitasking that enables a computer operating
system to switch between computer software programs.
o This helps prevent a software program from taking
complete control of the computer processor and allows
multiple programs to continue to operate without
crashing or freezing.
Terminologies in OS

Non-preemptive multitasking
o a process that receives such resources can not be
interrupted until it is finished.
o This prevents the computer or software from
interrupting a process until it has been completed.
o Early versions of Microsoft Windows, such as Windows
3.1, and early versions of the MacOS utilized this type of
multitasking.
Terminologies in OS

Multithreading
o is the ability of a program or an operating system
process to manage its use by more than one user at a
time and to even manage multiple requests by the same
user without having to have multiple copies of the
programming running in the computer
o An ability of a software program and/or operating
system to run several threads of the same program at
the same time. 
OS Structures

Layered system

Virtual machines

Client-server models

(Assignment 2: Group Assignment)


Major subsystem of OS

Process Management

Memory Management

File Management
Major subsystem of OS

 Process Management
o is a program in execution.
o A process needs certain resources, including CPU time,
memory, files, and I/O devices, to accomplish its task.
Major subsystem of OS

 Main Memory Management


o is a large array of words or bytes, each with its own
address.
o It is a repository of quickly accessible data shared by the
CPU and I/O devices.
o Software utility or term used to describe the process of
managing computer memory in the computer.
o This commonly involves taking segments of memory and
assigning them to be used with other applications or
moved in-between other portions of memory.
o All operating systems released today come with some
sort of a memory manager.
Major subsystem of OS

 File System Management


o The system that an operating system or program uses to
organize and keep track of files
o Refers to a software program that is often a portion of
the operating system that helps a user manage all the
files on their computer. For example, all file managers
allow the user to view, edit, copy, and delete the files on
their computer.
o When referring to Microsoft Windows 3.x, File Manager
is program included with Windows 3.x that enabled
users to manage their files on the computer.
o File Manager was replaced with Explorer and My
Computer with the introduction of Windows 95.
Although Windows 95 and Windows 98 users still have
the ability to run these programs.

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