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Snehith Anirudha Vishal Aditya Rishi Deepen

CT scanners use X-rays to generate detailed 2D images of internal structures by combining multiple X-ray images taken around an arc. A CT scanner emits narrow X-ray beams through the body, detects the radiation with detectors, and uses digital geometry processing to reconstruct 3D images from the data. CT scanners are embedded systems that provide real-time, high-throughput imaging for medical applications like detecting tumors, planning surgery, and guiding radiation therapy. Major hardware components include embedded processors, digital signal processors, and microcontrollers to efficiently control the system.

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200 views

Snehith Anirudha Vishal Aditya Rishi Deepen

CT scanners use X-rays to generate detailed 2D images of internal structures by combining multiple X-ray images taken around an arc. A CT scanner emits narrow X-ray beams through the body, detects the radiation with detectors, and uses digital geometry processing to reconstruct 3D images from the data. CT scanners are embedded systems that provide real-time, high-throughput imaging for medical applications like detecting tumors, planning surgery, and guiding radiation therapy. Major hardware components include embedded processors, digital signal processors, and microcontrollers to efficiently control the system.

Uploaded by

sas
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Snehith Anirudha Vishal Aditya Rishi Deepen

INTRODUCTION
Computerized Tomography
CT Scanner is an embedded system solution for certain difficulties
in medical imaging.
Greek: tomos = slice+ graphein = write = tomography
Basically, a process of generating a 2-dimensional image of a slice
or section through a 3-dimensional object.
This allows us to look inside an object like looking at one slice of
bread within the whole loaf but, without having to cut the object
unlike the bread, of course!

Other types of CT
(PET)
(SPECT).
How it works ?
Unlike MRI scans, a CT scan uses X-rays.
Data from several X-ray images of structures
inside the body is converted into pictures.
The final picture is far more detailed than
an X-ray image.
A CT scanner emits a series of narrow beams
through the human body as it moves
through an arc, unlike an X-ray machine
which sends just one radiation beam.
Current from the detector is integrated and
converted to digital values by ADCs.
The digital data is transferred to the
controller card and onto the image
conditioning cards connected to the host
computer where the CT images can be
viewed.
Here, the digital data are combined by the
mathematical procedure known as
tomographic reconstruction utilizing digital
geometry processing to generate 3D images.
Block Diagram
Characteristics &
Operational Attributes
CT Scanner uses APPLICATION SPECIFIC embedded system.
It is a REAL TIME SYSTEM.
Has an average POWER CONSUMPTION of about 120Kv, 250 mA
(depending on which part of the body is being scanned)
Should be inherently reliable and must have a HIGH THROUGHPUT.
An average TIME OF OPERATION(scan) can be a few seconds to a
few minutes.
A CT scanner can COST anywhere between 15 to 100 lakh Rupees.
NOT PORTABLE unlike most of the other embedded systems.
A CT scan can be done on any section of the head or body
to get clear pictures of bones.

Also, gives clear pictures of soft tissues which an ordinary


X-ray test cannot show, such as muscles, organs, large
blood vessels, the brain and nerves.

The most commonly performed CT scan is of the brain -


To determine the cause of a stroke
To assess serious head injuries

Applications
To detect abnormalities in the body,(such as tumours,
abscesses, abnormal blood vessels, etc, when they are
suspected by symptoms or other tests.)

To give a surgeon a clear picture of an area of your body


before certain types of surgery.

To pinpoint the exact site of tumours prior to


radiotherapy.

To help doctors find the right place to take tissue samples


(biopsies).

Few more uses


Current Technology

Positron emission tomography (PET) and Computed


Tomography (CT) are increasingly combined into a single
device, providing physicians with more information to
guide treatment as well as reducing the time that
patients spend in diagnostics
For CT scanners, DSPs provide the high performance
necessary for complex and intensive image processing.
DSPs are typically the heart of control cards.
The CT scanners detector system consists of a number of
channel cards that have scintillator-photodiode solid-
state detectors. These cards send digital data to the
controller card and onto the image-conditioning cards.
HARDWARE :
Embedded Processor
Unlike application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), CT
scanners today, use embedded processors which are
inherently flexible, programmable devices.
So they can be upgraded in the field with the latest
software and algorithms.
Field upgrades extend the life of installed machines and
enable imaging equipment manufacturers to download
updated software to portable machines in remote areas.
Upgrades also aid end users, such as hospitals and physician
groups, with improved clarity, depth and functionality of
diagnostic images.
HARDWARE :
Everything Else.

Digital Media Processors - are highly integrated SoCs that


combine the power of an ARM processor and a DSP core

Advanced High Performance Digital Signal Processors

32-bit Micro controllers contain large set of peripherals


optimized for power control, likehigh-resolution PWM, fast
ADC and large amounts of reprogrammable flash; providing
efficient control of the power supply associated with
applications like CT scanners, MRIs and digital X-rays
Major companies
(Hardware/Software Solution providers)

Philips

Texas Instruments

Larsen & Toubro Ltd (L&T)

MindTree

Patni Computer Systems

D3 Engineering

Green Hills Software


Thank you !

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