Inspection and Test: Submitted To: Prepared By: Dr. Archana Gandhi Shrey Sharma Anmol Jain

INSPECTION AND TEST
Submitted To: Prepared by:

Dr. Archana Gandhi Shrey Sharma
Anmol Jain
Inspection and testing activities always involve the evaluation of a
characteristic as it relates to a specific requirement.
The requirement can be in the form of a standard, a drawing, a written
instruction, a visual aid, or any other means of conveying the characteristic
specification.
Inspection can be of 2 types:
Variable Accept or Reject

Attribute Value Reference
To evaluate both pre and post production.
To identify varying level of defects including :
critical defect
major defect
minor defect
To ensure that production complies with the relevant standards and regulations.
CONFORMANCE DECISION :- To judge whether the product conforms to
specification.
FITNESS FOR USE DECISION :- To decide whether nonconforming product is fit

for use.
COMMUNICATION DECISION :- To decide what to communicate to outsiders

and insiders.
Purpose Description
Receiving or incoming Product not used until conformed to specs
In process inspection In process product evaluated
Final Inspection Inspection before dispatch of goods
Layout & Functional Material & Performance standards prior to production
Shipping Goods Conforming to all requirements
Qualification Service capability & Extreme application
Dock Audit Product related information conforming to customer
Service (health & environment) Non conformances in system
Non-Production Evaluation of specific task (ex. Reproducibility)
Initial Sample Product verification & Approval
Production part approval Indicating level of inspection for first run to check
characteristics & measurements
Knowledge of product or service performance.
Knowledge of the process.
Product homogeneity.
Economic impact.
Input from outside inspection and test functions.
Integrated Computer
Simulated Automated
Process Aided
Optical
Voice Entry Video Entry
Sensing
True Lot True lot possesses an inherent uniformity derived from the common
system of causes. (Ideally from one operator from same machine)
Preserve The The product is kept segregated in true lots or at least identified as to
common cause, for those processes which exhibit a time-to-time variation
Order or drift.
Grand Lot When several true lots are combined for the purposes of acceptance, the
combination is known as a grand lot
Lot as Collection The lot consists of numerous Products, each one of which is governed by
of Discrete Unit the product specification. (Batch & Continuous Production)
Lot as The lot may consist of a batch, e.g., the melt of steel. In continuous
Coalesced Mass production, the lot is again based on some arbitrary selection
Receiving (Incoming) Inspection and testing
Process Inspection and testing
Setup Inspection
Patrol Inspection
Tollgate Inspection
Finished-goods Inspection
Shipping Inspection
Dock Audit
Destructive Test
Functional & Reliability
Product Information Inspection Planner
Parameters
Fitness for use Industrial Standards Clear up / Define
Specifications Third Party Terminology
Customers reference requirements Supplemental
Applicable Industry Application Information
Standards Environment Classification of
End Customer characteristics of
Expectation seriousness
Sampling/Referencing
Functional & Non Functional
Sensory Qualities
Customer Sensitivity
Visual Quality
Visual Inspection Standards
Measurement Standards
ERROR OF MEASUREMENT
Product and process conformance is measured by the test equipments at the bottom
of hierarchy of standards.
Two major factor considered important in terms of error measurement are accuracy
and precision.
Accuracy :- The extent to which this average agrees with the true value of that unit
of product is called the accuracy of the instrument or measurement system that was
employed.
Precision :- The ability of the instrument to reproduce its own measurements is called
its precision, and this varies inversely with the dispersion of the multiple
measurements.)
SOURCES OF ERROR
Within - Operator Variation
Between Operator Variation
Production Equipment Variation
Material Variation
Test Equipment Variation
Test Procedure Variation
Between Laboratories Variation
The inspector, as the human element in the inspection process, contributes importantly to inspection
errors.
Technique errors
Inadvertent errors
Conscious errors
Technique errors:- These error capacity for the job , Physical Ability , Lack of knowledge due to
insufficient education or job training; and lack of Skill. Technique errors can be identified in any of
several ways:
Check inspection
Round robin inspection
Repeat inspection
HUMAN FACTORS IN INSPECTION
Individual Task Organizational & Social
Visual Activity Defect Probability Training
General Intelligence Fault Type Peer Standards
Method Of Inspection Repetitive Faults Management Standards
Time for Inspection Knowledge of Operator
Frequency of Rest Proximity of Inspectors
Re-Inspection to Immediate
Illumination
Shipping
Time of Day
Objective of Conformance
Inspection Type/Style
INSPECTION AND TESTING SOFTWARE
Training
Statistical Process
Control Interface
Data Collection
Gage Calibration
Simulation
THANK YOU

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INSPECTION AND TEST

Submitted To: Prepared by:

Variable Accept or Reject

FITNESS FOR USE DECISION :- To decide whether nonconforming product is fit

COMMUNICATION DECISION :- To decide what to communicate to outsiders

Visual Activity Defect Probability Training

General Intelligence Fault Type Peer Standards

Method Of Inspection Repetitive Faults Management Standards

Time for Inspection Knowledge of Operator

Frequency of Rest Proximity of Inspectors

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