Introductory Lectures On Fluid Dynamics
Introductory Lectures On Fluid Dynamics
Introductory Lectures On Fluid Dynamics
Analysis of
Fluid Flow
References : Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics-Wiley (Young and
Okiishis , 2015)
Fluid Element Kinematics
Learning Objectives
In this chapter we will provide an introduction to the differential
equations that describe (in detail) the motion of fluids.
Unfortunately, we will also find that these equations are complicated,
nonlinear partial differential equations that cannot be solved exactly
except in a few simple cases.
this approach provides a fundamental basis for the study of fluid
mechanics.
In a flowing fluid, friction is associated with shear stress, and shear
stress is associated with viscosity.
The simplest way to assure a frictionless flow is to imagine that the
fluid has no viscosity inviscid fluid and the resulting flow an
inviscid flow .
Introduction
The description of a fluid flow requires a
specification or determination of the
velocity field a specification of the fluid
velocity at every point in the region.
A vector field of position and time, u = u(x, t)
Steady flow occurs when u is independent of
time (i.e., u/t 0), otherwise the flow is
unsteady.
Streamlines are lines which at a given
instant are everywhere in the direction of
the velocity (analogous to electric or
magnetic field lines)
In steady flow the streamlines are
independent of time, but the velocity can
vary in magnitude along a streamline (as in
flow through a constriction in a pipe)
Fluid Element Kinematics
In this section we will be concerned with the mathematical
description of the motion of fluid elements moving in a flow field
Review Eulerian and Lagrangian Flow
Description
There are two general approaches for analyzing fluid mechanics
problems (or problems in other branches of the physical sciences, for
that matter) Eulerian and Lagrangian
Velocity and Acceleration Fields Revisited
the velocity field can be described
by specifying the velocity
V at all points, and at all times,
within the flow field of interest.
V (x, y, z, t) means that the velocity
of a fluid particle depends on where
it is located within the flow field (as
determined by its coordinates, x, y,
and z) and when it occupies the
particular point (as determined by
the time, t) Eulerian Method.
Velocity and Acceleration Fields Revisited
The velocity in terms of three rectangular components
Body Forces
Resultant Forces
Equation of Motion Resultant Forces = Surfaces Forces + Body Forces
Velocity Vector
Surfaces Forces Body Forces
Acceleration Vector
Mass Element
incompressible flow
Stress Deformation Relationship
Some Simple Solutions for Laminar, Viscous,
Incompressible Flows
Steady, Laminar Flow between Fixed Parallel Plates
Answer :
Dimensional Analysis,
Similitude and Modelling
Similitude
An obvious goal of any experiment is to make the results as widely
applicable as possible.
The concept of similitude is often used so that measurements made
on one system (for example, in the laboratory) can be used to
describe the behavior of other similar systems (outside the
laboratory).
Dimensional analysis is a packaging or compacting technique used to
reduce the complexity of experimental programs and at the
same time increase the generality of experimental information.
Dimensional Analysis
Basic Theorem of Dimensional Analysis.