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    Dental Ceramics New

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    Vipul Srivastava
    Dental ceramics, also known as ceramic restorations, are inorganic materials made primarily of glass or crystalline structures. They are used to make crowns, bridges, veneers, inlays, onlays, and dentures that resemble natural teeth. Dental ceramics are classified based on their fusion temperature, applications, fabrication techniques, and crystalline phase. They have advantages like biocompatibility, esthetics, and durability but are also brittle with high shrinkage and sensitive to technique. Proper processing involves condensation, firing, and glazing steps to form the restoration while minimizing voids and fractures.

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    Dental Ceramics New

    Uploaded by

    Vipul Srivastava
    154 views53 pages
    Dental ceramics, also known as ceramic restorations, are inorganic materials made primarily of glass or crystalline structures. They are used to make crowns, bridges, veneers, inlays, onlays, and dentures that resemble natural teeth. Dental ceramics are classified based on their fusion temperature, applications, fabrication techniques, and crystalline phase. They have advantages like biocompatibility, esthetics, and durability but are also brittle with high shrinkage and sensitive to technique. Proper processing involves condensation, firing, and glazing steps to form the restoration while minimizing voids and fractures.

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    Dental ceramics, also known as ceramic restorations, are inorganic materials made primarily of glass or crystalline structures. They are used to make crowns, bridges, veneers, inlays, onlays, and dentures that resemble natural teeth. Dental ceramics are classified based on their fusion temperature, applications, fabrication techniques, and crystalline phase. They have advantages like biocompatibility, esthetics, and durability but are also brittle with high shrinkage and sensitive to technique. Proper processing involves condensation, firing, and glazing steps to form the restoration while minimizing voids and fractures.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    154 views53 pages

    Dental Ceramics New

    Uploaded by

    Vipul Srivastava
    Dental ceramics, also known as ceramic restorations, are inorganic materials made primarily of glass or crystalline structures. They are used to make crowns, bridges, veneers, inlays, onlays, and dentures that resemble natural teeth. Dental ceramics are classified based on their fusion temperature, applications, fabrication techniques, and crystalline phase. They have advantages like biocompatibility, esthetics, and durability but are also brittle with high shrinkage and sensitive to technique. Proper processing involves condensation, firing, and glazing steps to form the restoration while minimizing voids and fractures.

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    The key takeaways are that ceramics are inorganic compounds composed of metallic and non-metallic elements. Dental ceramics are used to make crowns, bridges, veneers and dentures and consist of materials like glass, oxide and silicate ceramics.

    Ceramics are defined as inorganic compounds with non-metallic properties typically composed of oxygen and one or more metallic or semi-metallic elements. They are products manufactured by heating earthen materials where silicates predominate.

    Dental ceramics are classified based on their fusion temperature, applications and fabrication techniques. Based on fusion temperature they are high, medium, low and ultra low fusing ceramics. Their applications include veneers, crowns and denture teeth.

    Dental Ceramics

    ‘Tooth look-alikes’

    SHABNA
    Dr MOYIN
    Vipul Srivastava
    What are Ceramics?
    Ceramics

    ‘Keramos’ – Ceramic

    An earthy material usually of a silicate nature


    and may be defined as “a combination of one or
    more metals with a non- metallic element,
    usually oxygen”. (Gilman, 1967)
    DEFINED AS
    It is a product manufactured by the action of
    heat on earthern materials in which silicon and
    silicates predominate..(vimal k sikri)

    Inorganic compounds with non metallic


    properties typically consisting of oxygen or one
    or more semimetalic elements like aluminium
    ,potassium,magnesium, to produce entire or a
    part of ceramic based dental
    prosthesis.(anusavice).
    ALSO DEFINED AS
    Ceramics can be defined as an inorganic
    compound with non metallic properties typically
    composed of metallic ( or semi mettalic) and
    nonmetallic elements.(dr ramya raghu)
    Dental Ceramics
    Consist of silicate, glass and oxide ceramics

    An inorganic compound with non-metallic


    properties typically consisting of oxygen and one
    or more metallic or semi-metallic elements (e.g.
    Al, Ca, Li, Mg, K, Si, Na, Sn, Ti and Zr) that is
    formulated to produce the whole or part of a
    ceramic based prosthesis.
    » Philips (11th Ed.)
    History of Dental Ceramics
    1000 – Porcelain was developed in China
    1728-pierre fauchard
    1774 – Alexis Duchateau-made the first porcelain
    denture.
    1789 – Nicolas de Chemant
    1791-porcelain for bridgework.
    1808 – Giuseppangelo Fonzi -shades
    1817 – Planteau
    1822 – Peale
    1825 – S7tockton
    1903-porcelian inlays and jacket crowns using platinum
    foil by charles land.
    1905-the first electric porcelain was developed.
    Philips
    Use or indications
    Anterior crowns
    Posterior crowns
    Veneers
    Post and Cores
    FPDs
    Stain ceramic
    Glaze ceramic
    Denture teeth
    Dental ceramics classified
    based on,
    Fusion temp

    Applications

    Fabrication techniques

    crystalline phase
    Classification of dental
    ceramics
    According to the fusion temperature…
    high fusing ceramics->1300oC
    medium fusing ceramics-1101 oc-1300 oc
    low fusing ceramics-850 oc -1100 oc
    ultra low fusing ceramics -<850 oc
    According to the
    applications
    3 major applications
    • as veneers over metal crowns and fixed
    partial dentures

    All ceramic crowns ,inlays ,onlays, and veneers.

    Ceramic denture teeth.


    According to the fabrication
    technique
    » Sintered-eg;metal ceramics.
    .
    » Cast-castable ceramics-dicor

    » Heat pressed-eg ips empress

    » Slip cast eg.inceram

    » Machined eg.cerec vitablocks –mark 1


    and 11.
    ;
    Crystalline phase;
    alumina based eg-optec hsp
    Feldspar based eg-conventional ceramics.
    leucite based
    : Aluminum Oxides (Alumina)
    Natural alumina is known as sapphire or ruby
    Bioactive Ceramics: Glass
    Ceramics
    Composition includes SiO2, CaO and Na2O
    Bioactivity depends on the relative amounts of
    SiO2, CaO and Na2O
    Cannot be used for load bearing applications
    Ideal as bone cement filler and coating due to its
    biological activity
    Composition of dental
    ceramics
    Glassy materials
    Vitrification…vitreous
    Matrix of dental porcelien
    Glass formers
    Oxides .
    Composition
    Basically,
    High fusing ceramics –3 major ingredients
    Feldspar
    kaolin
    Quartz
    Feldspathic Porcelains
    A vitreous ceramic based on silica and potash feldspar
    (K2O·Al2O3·6SiO2) or soda feldspar
    (Na2O·Al2O3·6SiO2).
    Silicate ceramics

    Silicate Glass
    Manufacture

    Fritting – the combination of blending, melting


    and quenching the glass components.

    Frit – resultant product after fritting.


    Feldspar

    Primary constituent

    Natural feldspar
    Undergo incongruent melting –11500C-15300C
    Leucite .
    kaolin
    4-5%

    When mixed with water,-sticky mass

    adheres to the framework of quartz


    quartz
    I3-14%,strengthener
    Translucency.
    FRAMEWORK.
    Fluxes and Glass Modifiers

    Na, K or Ca oxide
    Interrupt silica tetrahedra
    Lower fusion temperature
    Increase flow
    Increase thermal expansion
    Remove impurities
    Excess :
    • Reduced chemical
    durability
    • Devitrification on
    overheating
    Colouring pigments

    Metallic oxides

    ‘Colour frits’

    • Titanium oxide → Yellow


    - Brown Shade
    • Indium → Yellow / Ivory
    • Iron oxide / Nickel oxide
    → Brown
    • Cobalt salt → Blue
    Stains and color modifiers
    Low fusing coloured porcelain

    Other additives
    Boric oxide
    Lithium oxide
    Magnesium oxide
    Opacifying agents
    zirconium; named from the Arabic,
    zargun = gold colour
    Opacifying agents
    To mask oxide layer
    Metal oxide 8-15% : ZrO, CeO, TiO, SnO

    • .
    Flourencing agents
    Uranium

    radiation hazards .
    Glazes
    To seal the open pores

    Self-glaze or Auto-glaze
    High temperature

    Add-on glaze
    Higher glass modifiers
    Lower temperature
    Less durable
    Disadvantages
    low chemical durability
    difficult to apply.
    Too high temps –increased flow
    glassy and appears greenish hue
    Designing of the dental
    porcelein
    Direct exposure to high tensile stress
    stress concentration at sharp line angles and
    point angles to be avoided
    Full coverage porcelein jacket crown to be
    avoided
    Platinum foil when used as a substrate-folds
    appear –notch
    occlusion
    General Properties

    Including Advantages and


    Disadvantages
    Advantages
    Biocompatibility
    Esthetics
    Colour and Translucency
    Long term colour stability
    Durability
    Wear resistant
    No Solubility
    Ability to be formed into precise shapes
    Disadvantages
    Brittle
    High shrinkage of conventional porcelains
    Technique sensitive
    Specialized training required
    Costly equipment
    More tooth reduction
    Attrition of opposing tooth
    Difficult to repair
    Expensive
    Good Properties
    Translucency like enamel (Refractive index – 1.52-1.54)

    High Stiffness (Elastic modulus – 10 x 106 psi)

    Low thermal conductivity (0.0050˚C/cm)

    Low electrical conductivity

    High melting point

    Low solubility
    Strength
    Compressive strength
    350-550 MPa

    Tensile strength
    20-60 MPa

    Brittle
    Critical strain – 0.1%

    Low fracture toughness


    Bad Properties

    Very low tensile strength

    Low fracture toughness

    Extremely sensitive to the


    presence of surface
    microcracks.

    Difficult to machine
    (KNH 460)
    Coefficient of thermal expansion
    Feldspathic porcelains
    Dependent on leucite content

    Metal ceramics – 13.5-15.5 ppm/˚C

    All ceramics – 5.5-7.5 ppm/˚C

    Pressed Leucite systems – 16 ppm/˚C


    Processing

    Condensation
    Firing
    Glazing
    Compaction/Condensation
    The process of packing the particles together and of
    removing the liquid binder is known as condensation.

    The main driving force involved in condensing dental


    porcelain is surface tension.

    Liquid
    Distilled water
    Propylene glycol
    Alcohol
    Special liquid
    Aim of condensation
    Pack the particles as close as possible
    Two important factors

    Size and shape of the powder particles


    Gap grading system.
    Shape.
    Effect of surface tension
    Methods

    Wet brush technique/


    Brush additive
    technique
    Brush application
    method
    Vibration
    Spatulation
    Whipping
    Mechanical
    Vibration method
    wet porcelien mix is applied with a
    spatula –vibrated-settle.
    .
    Causes slumping of the mass.
    Spatulation method
    Wet porcelein is smoothed –spatula
    Brings closer

    Absorbed with a tissue.


    Dry brush technique
    Dry powder on wet surface.

    Water withdrawn –capillary action-dry area-

    Pulled closer together.


    Whipping method
    Large brush with –dusting action over wet
    porcelein

    Water –surface

    any coarse particles is also removed.


    Combination method
    Vibration and whipping methods
    Firing procedures
    During firing,
    loss of water by warming the mix.
    Prevents steam –voids or fractures.

    In the furnace
    .
    Both the combined and free water is lost

    at 480 0c.
    Second change occurs
    rise in temp - by sintering.

    Once mass is formed – decrease in volume-


    firing shrinkage
    .
    Third change occurs

    Glazing-9550C-10650C

    Glossy surface

    Slow cooling

    Avoid cracking and crazing


    Layers

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