ObjectARX 2018

Developer Technical Services

Developer Technical Services
Worldwide Workgroup
 Over 25 Specialists World Wide
 Virtually 24 hour support, 5 days a week

Americas Team
 US (CA, AZ, WA), Canada, Brazil

European Team
 Switzerland, United Kingdom, France, Russia

APac Team
 China, Japan, India
Getting Support
http://www.autodesk.com/adn-devhelp
 Provides access to
 On-line knowledge base
 Call submission
 Newsgroups

 Calls are logged automatically

 1-3 day turnaround
 Callbacks as needed

 Answers to frequently asked questions are posted in our

on-line knowledge base
Course Objective

It is to understand:
 The fundamentals of ObjectARX
 How to teach yourself AutoCAD APIs
 Where to get help with afterwards

What it is not:
 Teach you C++, C#, VB, .NET
 Give you complete of coverage of all API functions
Class Agenda

Lectures with Labs

 Slides give an abstract overview
 Labs and my comments give the practical experience
Lectures:
 Overview of APIs
 AutoCAD: Hello.arx – Step 1 + 2
 ObjectDBX: Structure – Step 3 + 4
 ObjectDBX: Extend it! – Step 5 + 6
 AutoCAD: Multi-Document Environment
 Notification System – Step 7
Class Schedule
Time : 9:30 AM - 5:30 PM
Lunch 12:00 PM - 1:00 PM

Day 1
 Overview of APIs
 AutoCAD: Hello.arx
 Lab : Step 1 + Step 2

Day 2
 ObjectDBX: Structure
 ObjectDBX: Extend it!
 Lab : Step 3 + Step 4 + Step 5 + Step 6

Day 3
 AutoCAD: MDE
 Notification System
 Lab : Step 7
 Training Material

 ObjectARX.pptx - this presentation

 objectarx_2018_win_64_and_32bit.exe - ObjectARX installation file
 ArxDbg - ObjectARX snoop tool
Agenda

Overview of APIs
AutoCAD: Hello.arx
ObjectDBX: Structure
ObjectDBX: Extend it!
AutoCAD: Multi-Document Environment
Notification System
API Overview

A general look at APIs

 Types of API
 Client/Server interaction
 Client code

AutoCAD’s APIs and IDEs

 Implementation
 Comparison
What is an API?

A contract, it is about responsibilities

 Both sides are (or may be) required to
 Implement service entry points
 Call services properly

Code implementing API can be packaged as

 Source code modules (.h/.cpp in C++)
 Binary
 Static library
 DLL
 EXE
API Packaging

Client EXE, DLL, script, etc.

4
API
ATL templates
API 2
1 SomeApp.exe API
Static MFC Library
3
API
Win 32 API DLLs

1. Source code 2. Static library

3. DLL 4. EXE
 Client/Server Interaction

In process
 Client/server is in the same process

Local
 Client/server is on the same machine

Remote
 Client/server is on the same network
 The Plug-In Architecture

API is implemented by an exe

Client is implemented as a dll

.DLL
.ARX .DLL
.ARX

API APIs
ObjectARX

.EXE
AutoCAD
Forms of Client Code

Interpreted code
SLOW  Source script
 AutoLISP in the past

Packaged code (p-code)

 Pre-processed, semi interpreted code
 Compiled Visual LISP

AutoCAD.NET
 Compiled into IL

Compiled code
FAST  Processor instructions
 ObjectARX
AutoCAD APIs and IDEs

Application Programming Interfaces

 ObjectARX
 .NET Managed API
 COM Automation (VB, Java, Delphi, etc.)
 AutoLISP

Integrated Development Environments in AutoCAD

 Visual LISP
 Visual Basic, Applications Edition (VBA)

(Visual Studio outside AutoCAD)

API Implementation II

.NET Lisp VBA COM Client

script script (VB, Java, Delphi)
Acdbmgd.dll
Acmgd.dll vl.arx acvba.arx

axdb.dll

ObjectARX APIs COM

AutoCAD
Old API Performance Comparison S.0.58 API Performance

100.00

90.00

80.00

70.00

60.00
Seconds

50.00

40.00
Total
30.00
Create 1000 2dPolylines
20.00
Add XData to 1000 Entities
10.00 Update 1000 Circles
0.00 Create 1000 lines
COM (VB)

COM (VBA)

Create 1000 Circles

LISP

ObjectARX

Cre
Cre
Upd

AutoCAD's APIs Add

Cre
Tota
How to Store Your Data in AutoCAD
Different Programming Techniques

Data Container Performance Chart

140000
120000
Time in seconds

100000 ObjectARX
80000 .NET
60000 LISP
40000 VBA
VB
20000
0
Xrecord Xdata
How to Store Your Data in AutoCAD
Different Programming Techniques

Data Container Performance Chart

5000
Time in seconds

4000
3000 ObjectARX
2000 .NET
VBA
1000 LISP
0
Xrecord Custom
Object
API Comparison Summary

Speed
 ObjectARX, .NET is close second, VBA also
though obsolete

Coverage
 ObjectARX, .NET everything except custom
objects

Ease of use
 .NET, VBA

Learning curve
 .NET, VBA
Agenda

Overview of APIs
AutoCAD: Hello.arx
ObjectDBX: Structure
ObjectDBX: Extend it!
AutoCAD: Multi-Document Environment
Notification System
 AutoCAD: Hello.arx
ObjectARX
 What it is
 Where to get it
ObjectARX applications
 Structure
 Loading
 Memory management
Creating commands
 Command mechanism
 Prompting for user input
ObjectARX Wizards
What is ObjectARX?

AutoCAD Runtime eXtension

 A DLL plug-in model
 A set of Object Oriented C++ libraries
 A framework

A framework?
 More than just a toolkit
 Specialized objects can be plugged back into the system
 Custom entities
 Reactors
 ...
What can I do with ObjectARX?

Modify and extend the drawing database

 Create/modify/erase objects
 Create new types of objects

Modify AutoCAD’s user interface

 Commands
 Toolbars/dialogs
 Properties Window
 Design Center
 Display system

Monitor/Modify AutoCAD’s standard behavior

 Event notifications
 Input point acquisition
 Getting the ObjectARX SDK

Download - Free
On Autodesk public web site
Developer Center - ObjectARX
(http://usa.autodesk.com/adsk/servlet/index?id=773204
&siteID=123112)

Or Search for ObjectARX on

http://www.autodesk.com/
http://adn.autodesk.com/adn/servlet/index?siteID=4814862&id=1
6619795&linkID=4900509
Binary compatibility
ObjectARX 2018
 AutoCAD 2018
 Binary incompatible with earlier releases

ObjectARX 2017
 AutoCAD 2017
 Binary incompatible with earlier releases

ObjectARX 2016
 AutoCAD 2016

ObjectARX 2015
 AutoCAD 2015 and 2016
 Binary incompatible with earlier releases

ObjectARX 2014
 AutoCAD 2014
Development Environment

For ObjectARX development

 Microsoft Visual Studio 2015 Update 3

ObjectARX 2018 SDK

Microsoft Windows WIN7 or better

ObjectARX SDK Contents

What comes with the SDK

 Libraries and Header Files
 Documentation
 Samples
 Utilities
Main Libraries - I

AcRx Object and Class Management (rxapi.lib)

AcDb AutoCAD Database (acdb22.lib)
AcGi AutoCAD Graphics Interface
(acgiapi.lib,acdrawbridge.lib)
AcGe AutoCAD Geometry Library (acge22.lib)
AutoCAD Core Library (accore.lib and ac1st22.lib)

32- and 64-bit versions:

C:\ObjectARX 2018\lib-win32 and
C:\ObjectARX 2018\lib-x64
Main Libraries - II

AcUi/AdUi MFC Extension Library (adui22.lib acui22.lib)

Automation (axdb.lib)
ads_ Function Set (acad.lib)
Utilities

AutoCAD Facet Modeler (aecmodeler.lib)

AutoCAD Boundary Representation (acbr22.lib,

acgex22.lib)

ObjectARX Wizard
ObjectArxWizards.msi downloadable from Developer Center
http://usa.autodesk.com/adsk/servlet/index?siteID=123112&id=1911627

ATIL - Raster graphics

On-line Documentation
Found in ObjectARX\docs
 ObjectARX Documentation (arxdoc.chm)
 ObjectARX Developers Guide (arxdev.chm)
 Reference Manual (arxref.chm)
 Managed Class Reference Guide (arxmgd.chm)
 Migration Guide (arxmgr.chm)
 Interoperability Guide (arxiop.chm)
 ObjectARX Readme (readarx.chm)

ObjectARX Training Material and Labs

ObjectARXLabs.chm downloadable from Developer Center
http://usa.autodesk.com/adsk/servlet/index?siteID=123112&id=1911627
Samples
The ObjectARX SDK comes with a number of code
samples organized into sub-categories:
 ObjectARX\Samples
 COM
 Database
 DotNet
 Editor
 Entity
 Graphics
 Misc
 Reactors
 PolySamp and ArxDbg

Also see Knowledgebase on the ADN website and visit ADN

Devblog.
.ARX = .DLL + 2 exported functions

 acrxEntryPoint
 acrxGetApiVersion

.DLL
.ARX .ARX
.DLL

API APIs
ObjectARX

.EXE
AutoCAD
Loading ObjectARX Applications I

Loaded by the user

 ARX & APPLOAD commands
 Drag & Drop
Autoloader
 PackageContents.xml
Demand loaded
 Startup
 Registry
 (arxload) in acad2018doc.lsp
 On command invocation
 Registry
 On request
 From another application
 On proxy detection
 Registry
Loading ObjectARX Applications II
3.

Rxapi.lib
AutoCAD 5. 4.
.ARX

1. 6.
2.
Operating System
1. LoadLibrary
2. _DllMainCRTStartup (see MSDN for info)
3. CRT_INIT (constructs global class vars)
4. DllMain (see MSDN for info)
5. acrxGetApiVersion
6. acrxEntryPoint
Wrong ARX Memory Management

AutoCAD/ObjectDBX 3.
MSVCRT.DLL

2. Piece of
CRASH! Memory
.ARX 1. MSVCRTD.DLL

1. .ARX allocates memory from debug heap

2. .ARX passes allocated memory to AutoCAD

3. AutoCAD de-allocates it with release ‘delete’…

 CRASH
Correct ARX Memory Management
3.
AutoCAD/ObjectDBX MSVCRT.DLL
Piece of
Memory
2.

1.
.ARX

1. .ARX allocates memory from release heap

2. .ARX passes allocated memory to AutoCAD
3. AutoCAD de-allocates it with release ‘delete’…  OK
Getting Started

Visual C++ 14.0 with Update 3

AutoCAD 2018
ObjectARX 2018

ArxDbg \ObjectARX 2018\samples\database\ARXDBG

Dependency Walker www.dependencywalker.com

Process Monitor www.sysinternals.com

Command Mechanism I

.ARX
1.
AcEdCommandStack
3.
4. Callback
2 5. function
AcEdCommand

AutoCAD

1. Add command

2. Create command object

3. User types command name

4. Lookup command object

5. Call callback function

Command Mechanism II

Removing commands is as important as adding them

Command names can clash

 Commands belong to groups

Command groups must be unique

 Registered Developer Symbol (RDS)
 Search for “Registered Developer Symbol” takes you to
http://usa.autodesk.com/adsk/servlet/index?siteID=123112&id=1075006
Lab - Step 1

Setup your first .ARX

Prompting for User Input

AcEd functions
 String, number acquisition : acedGetString(), acedGetInt()
 Point, angle acquisition : acedGetPoint(), acedGetAngle()
 Entity selection : acedEntSel()

Full range of Win32 controls

ObjectARX 2018 Wizards
Installer downloadable from Developer Center
Visual Studio ObjectARX wizards
 COM Wrapper Wizard
 Custom Object Wizard
 Reactors Class Wizard
 Jig wizard
 Dynamic Property Wizard
etc.
Lab - Step 2

Play around with user input functions

Agenda

Overview of APIs
AutoCAD: Hello.arx
ObjectDBX: Structure
ObjectDBX: Extend it!
AutoCAD: Multi-Document Environment
Notification System
 Terminology
AutoCAD Session
Document
 Current Document
 ObjectARX works with this in background
 Active Document
 User sees this in UI
Drawing
Database
 Working Database
acdbHostApplicationServices()->workingDatabase()
ObjectDBX: Introduction

What is ObjectDBX and RealDWG?

AutoCAD drawing database

 Object identity
 Transactions
 Inter-object references
 Important classes
 Important objects
 Storing data
What is ObjectDBX and RealDWG?
ObjectDBX is an AutoCAD-independent subset of
ObjectARX
RealDWG is the license to use ObjectDBX in an own
application outside of AutoCAD. RealDWG allows to
read/write DWG files from your own application

Set of DLLs
Custom object data services
Extensible application development framework
DWG Viewers

No viewing available in RealDWG!

AutoCAD OEM
DWF
 www.dwfit.com
Autodesk Design Review
DWG TrueView – conversion of dwgs from old formats
Database Framework
Enabling Custom Objects w/o ACAD
Plug-In Model & ObjectDBX

AutoCAD process

.ARX .DBX

Acad.exe &
other AutoCAD ObjectDBX DLLs
specific DLLs
 ObjectARX & ObjectDBX

ObjectDBX ObjectARX SDK

acdb22.lib acad.lib
Acge22.lib acedapi.lib
rcexelib.obj acgiapi.lib acui22.lib
axdb.lib adui22.lib
achapi22.lib oleaprot.lib
rxapi.lib AcTc.lib
acismobj22.lib AcTcUI.lib
rxheap.lib …
…

RealDWG
Shared
What can I do with ObjectARX?

Create/Modify DWG/DXF files (.ARX)

Create object enabler DLLs (.DBX)

Cannot create standalone applications

… this requires RealDWG
 AutoCAD Drawing Database
An AutoCAD drawing file is the persistent state of an object database

 Objects have identity (primary key)

 Objects are only accessed in a transaction

 Objects can have references to other objects

 Objects can encapsulate data

Relational model Object model

Tables Objects
Records Objects
Fields Data members (encapsulated)
Object Identity

Handle (AcDbHandle)
 Unique identifier of an object for the life of the drawing
Object ID (AcDbObjectId)
 Unique identifier of an object for a session of ObjectDBX
 Multiple drawings allowed per session
 IDs unique across ALL files would require too much storage space
(GUIDs)
Pointer
 Unique identifier of an object for the duration of a transaction
Handles, Object IDs, Pointers
ObjectDBX session
1.
2.
Object Open New
.dwg Closed AcDbObject AcDbObject
4. 3.
5.

1. Object read from file

Handle  Object ID
2. Object opened
Object ID  Pointer
3. New object added to database
New Object ID & Handle assigned
4. Object closed
Pointer becomes invalid
5. Object saved to file
Handles are written to disk
Object ID and Entity Name

ads_name is a relic from days of ADS

Virtually the same

 An ads_name
 Array of two longs
 An AcDbObjectId
 First element of ads_name

Exchange one for another

 acdbGetAdsName( adsName, objId );
 acdbGetObjectId( objId, adsName );
Open Modes

Read
 255 simultaneous readers
Write
 Open/Close model
 1 writer at a time
 read/write are mutually exclusive
 Transaction model
 multiple writers are allowed
 read/write are NOT exclusive
Notify
 Used internally
Transactions

Two models
 Open/Close
 acdbOpenObject
 AcDbObject::close, AcDbObject::cancel
 Transaction
 AcDbTransactionManager::startTransaction
 AcTransaction::getObject
 AcDbTransactionManager::end/abortTransaction

Do not mix transaction models

 e.g. getObject, then close
Nesting AcTransactions

1 2 3 4
Transaction 2 obj2 obj3

Transaction 1 obj1 obj2

obj1 obj3
obj2
AcDbDatabase

1. Client starts Trans1 and gets Obj1 & Obj2

2. Client starts Trans2 and gets Obj2 & Obj3
3. Client commits Trans2
 Trans2 changes are committed
4a. Client commits Trans1
 Trans1 changes are committed
4b. Client aborts Trans1 instead
 Trans1 (and Trans2) changes are rolled back
Getting an AcDbDatabase Object

Construct one
 In memory

Get the one active in AutoCAD

acdbHostApplicationServices()->workingDatabase()
 More on this in the AutoCAD: MDE section

Access some other open document

Open a new dwg file

AcDbDatabase Ownership Hierarchy
Object Model Overview

classmap.dwg
 in ObjectARX distribution
Important Classes
AcRxObject

AcGiDrawable

AcDbObject

AcDbEntity

AcDbCurve

AcDbDictionary AcDbLine

AcDbSymbolTable

AcDbBlockTable

AcDbSymbolTableRecord

Database resident objects

Drawable objects
Snoop Tools for the AutoCAD Database

Tool Language Where to find

ArxDbg C++ ObjectARX Samples

MgdDbg C# ADN site
Inspector C++ ADN site
Important Objects
Block Table
 Three default records
 *MODEL_SPACE
 *PAPER_SPACE, *PAPER_SPACE0
 Only entities added to one of these is visible in
AutoCAD editor
 Block table records only own entities
 AutoCAD’s “symbol tables”
 Named Objects Dictionary
 Dictionaries own any objects (but not entities)
Iterating Through Containers
Objects that use iterators
 Symbol Tables
 Block Table Records
 Dictionaries
 Polylines
 PolyFaceMesh & PolygonMesh
 ACIS Solids
 Called traversers
 BlockReferences (Inserts)
 Only useful when attributes are present
Iterator Pattern

Abstract form of ‘i’ in the following construct:

for( int i=0; i<numElems; i++ )
a = array[i];
Needs initialization, done condition and next operation

Client1 Client2

iterator1 iterator1

Aggregate

See ‘Design Patterns’ by Erich Gamma et al. (ISBN 0-201-63361-2)

 RTTI – Runtime Type Identification
Object containers provide generic pointers to
 AcDbObjects
 AcDbEntities
We might prefer a pointer to an AcDbPolyline
 RTTI allows us to do this
AcRxObject defines (in rxobject.h)
 cast down-cast pointer safely
 isA get class descriptor
 isKindOf is object derived from?

AcDbEntity * ent;
if( ent->isKindOf( AcDbLine::desc() ) )
{
AcDbLine * line = AcDbLine::cast( ent );
// do something with line->startPoint() ...
}
 AcRxClass I (Overview)

Three roles:
 Runtime type identification
 Class factory
 Protocol extension
 Look for Protocol extension in developer’s guide.

AcRxClass is usually set up for a custom object via

macros in rxboiler.h
ACRX_DECLARE_MEMBERS(CLASS_NAME)
ACRX_DXF_DEFINE_MEMBERS
…
 AcRxClass II (Cont.)

AcRxObject-derived objects hold a pointer to an AcRxClass object

(class descriptor object)

 static class variable

AcRxClass objects hold a pointer to the ‘parent’ AcRxClass object

 forms a ‘run time class hierarchy’

AcRxClass III (Object Diagram)

Runtime class
An AcDbLine hierarchy An AcRxClass
for
AcDbCurve

Another AcDbLine
An AcRxClass
for
AcDbLine
An AsdkCircle An AcRxClass
for
AcDbCircle

A protocol
extension An AcRxClass
object for
Pseudo AsdkCircle
.DBX/.ARX App constructor
 AcRxClass IV (Roles)
Class Factory
 During filing we look up the class identifier in the runtime
class hierarchy
 AcRxClass provides a ‘constructor’ function

Run time type identification

 Each AcRxObject provides a virtual member to look up the
static member pointing to its AcRxClass object

Protocol Extension
 AcRxClasses hold a list of ‘extension objects’
Storing Data in the Database

Create custom objects (more on this later)

Without using custom objects

 Extended entity data (Xdata)
 Xrecords
 Extension dictionaries on individual objects
 Dictionaries e.g. under the Named Objects
Lab - Step 3

Accessing object containers

 Symbol tables
AcDbDatabase Ownership Hierarchy
 Inter-Object References
Ownership
 Dictates objects written to disk (DWG/DXF)
 A database object has exactly one owner
 Database is the ultimate owner
 Bi-directional

Pointer reference
 Arbitrary references between object
 Multiple objects can point to the same object
 Uni-directional

Use ArxDbg to discover them

Inter-Object References

AcDbDatabase

AcDbDictionary
AcDbBlockTable AcDbLayerTable
Named Object Dict.

AcDbDictionary
AcDbBlockTableRecord AcDbLayerTableRecord
Company Dictionary *

AcDbLine AcDbObject'

AcDbHardOwnershipId AcDbHardPointerId

AcDbSoftOwnershipId AcDbSoftPointerId
 Inter-Object References

Hard ownership examples

 Database Object  Extension Dictionary
 Block Table  Model Space BTR
 Extension Dictionaries  Entries

Hard pointer examples

 Entity  Linetype
 Text  Style
 Inter-Object References
Soft owner examples
 Dictionary  Entries
(can be made hard owner)

 Symbol Tables  Entities

(except model and paper space which are hard)

Soft pointer example

 Entity  Xdata Entity Handle
 Object  Persistent Reactor
 Soft/Hard References

Save
 Follows both types of ownership links
Wblock
 Follows hard owner and hard pointer references.
DeepClone
 COPY, MIRROR, EXPLODE commands
 Follows only ownership links
Purge
 Soft references do not protect the object from
purge
Changing an Object’s Identity I

AcDbObject::handOverTo
 Replaces an objects in the db with a new one
 Objects cannot be removed from the db
 You can only flag them as erased

removed

Open New
AcDbObject AcDbObject

ObjectDBX Session added

Changing an Object’s Identity II

AcDbObject::swapIdWith
 Changes the object denoted by the object ID

id id

AcDbObject AcDbObject

ObjectDBX Session
 Lab - Step 4

Accessing object containers

 Dictionaries
Agenda

Overview of APIs
AutoCAD: Hello.arx
ObjectDBX: Structure
ObjectDBX: Extend it!
AutoCAD: Multi-Document Environment
Notification System
ObjectDBX: Extend It!

First step: create a new class

Then: participate in desired mechanisms

 Filing ObjectDBX
 Undo ObjectDBX
 Graphics Display host application
 Whatever else the host application may define
 e.g. TRIM and BREAK in AutoCAD
 Create a New Class

Derive from
 AcRxObject RTTI protocol
 AcGiDrawable + Graphics protocol
 AcDbObject + Filing protocol
 AcDbEntity + Persistent graphics
 AcDbCurve + Curve entities
 …

ObjectDBX and host applications interact with your object through

these interfaces
Filing

Read/write object state to another object (filer)

 Visitor Pattern
Filers implement AcDbDwgFiler or AcDbDxfFiler interface
Used for DWG/DXF save/load, and also:
 Copy kCopyFiler
 Undo kUndoFiler
 entmake/entget/entmod kBagFiler
 Copy/Wblock/Insert/Xref/RefeditkIdXlateFiler
 Paging kPageFiler
 Wblock kWBlockCloneFiler
 Purge kPurgeFiler
Filing Out

An AcDbDwgFiler 3.
An AcDbObject

1.
2. 3.
Another
AcDbObject
ObjectDBX
2.

1. Object implementing filer protocol created

2. Filer is passed to the database object
3. Database object calls back into the filer
Filing In

An AcDbDwgFiler 4.
An AcDbObject
2.

1.
4.
2.
Another
3.
AcDbObject
ObjectDBX
3.

1. Class identifier is read from filer

2. Class is instantiated by AcRxClass class factory
3. Filer is passed to the newly created object
4. Database object calls back into the filer
 Filing Member Functions - I

AutoCAD calls the dwgIn which calls your dwgInFields

function on:
 Open kFileFiler
 Undo kUndoFiler
 Insert, Copy, Xref kDeepCloneFiler
+ kIdXlateFiler
 Wblock kWblockCloneFiler
+ kIdXlateFiler
 Object paging kPageFiler
 Filing Member Functions - II
AutoCAD calls the dwgOut which in turn calls your
dwgOutFields function on:
 Save/SaveAs kFileFiler
 Wblock kWblockCloneFiler +
kIdXlateFiler
 Insert, Xref kDeepCloneFiler +
kIdXlateFiler
 Copy same as Insert
(files out object’s state and files it into another object)
 Purge kPurgeFiler
 Object paging kPageFiler
 Any Object modification kUndoFiler
for undo recording
 Filing Member Functions - III
AutoCAD calls dxfOut which calls your dxfOutFields
function on:
 WBLOCK kFileFiler
 SAVE kFileFiler
 SAVEAS kFileFiler
 acdbEntGet kBagFiler

AutoCAD calls dxfIn which calls your dxfInFields function

on:
 OPEN kFileFiler
 INSERT kFileFiler
 acdbEntMod, acdbEntMake, acdbEntMakeX kBagFiler
 AcDbDxfFiler
Data sent to a DXF filer is tagged with DXF group codes
 Group code ranges for each data type
 AcDb enum has first in each range use +1, +2, etc to get
others
 AcDb::DxfCode

Groups may come in any sequence

 Check You Have Access Rights

Member functions should first call one of these:

 assertReadEnabled
 Every member function that reads data

 assertWriteEnabled
 Every member function that modifies data

 assertNotifyEnabled
 Used internally
Proxy

A proxy object is created in memory when a defining

application is not available
 Surrogate data holder for custom object

Class ID
Class ID

Graphics data Object data

Only inter-object references are interpreted

Used to draw proxy graphics

Lab - Step 5

Creating a Custom Object

 Graphics Display

ObjectDBX does not display any graphics

ObjectDBX defines a callback API that host applications

may implement
 AcGi: interface between database objects and a
display system

Host applications must implement AcGi to display

graphics

AcGi Library defines the interface between database

objects and a display system
AcGi Class Diagram
AcGiContext
AcGiContext
AcGiCommonDraw
AcGiSubentityTraits
AcGiSubentityTraits

AcGiGeometry
AcGiGeometry

AcGiWorldDraw AcGiWorldGeometry
AcGiWorldGeometry

AcGiViewportDraw
AcGiViewportDraw AcGiViewportGeometry
AcGiViewportGeometry

AcGiViewport

Legend:
Inheritance
Containment
Graphics Acquisition

4.
An AcGiWorldDraw An AcGiDrawable

6.
1.
3.
5.
Host Application An AcGiViewportDraw
2.

1. Host creates object implementing AcGiWorldDraw

2. Host creates object implementing AcGiViewportDraw
3. Host passes world-draw object to your drawable
4. Drawable draws viewport independent graphics
5. Host passes viewport-draw object to your drawable
6. Drawable draws viewport dependent graphics
AcGiGeometry
Responsible for inserting geometry into the graphics
cache for later display

Primitive geometry used:

 circle, circularArc, polyline,
 mesh, pline, polygon,
 shell, text, xline and ray

Viewport-dependent and viewport-independent graphics

 AcGiSubEntityTraits
Traits control current attributes for primitives:
 color, layer, linetype, filltype
 graphics system (GS) marker
 Allows identification of sub-entities
 Once set, a trait stays active until changed or out of scope

Default attribute values:

 color, layer, linetype - Current for editor
 filltype - kAcGiFillNever if standard mode
kAcGiFillAlways if hide, shade, render
 gsmarker - invalid, must be set by app
 Host-Defined Mechanisms

ObjectDBX defines protocols for

 Grips
 Osnaps
 Intersection
 Transformations
 etc.

Host applications use as appropriate

 e.g. Volo View does not use grips
 AcDbEntity Protocol

subGetOsnapPoints - define osnap points

subGetGripPoints - define grip points

subMoveGripPointsAt - default is to call AcDbEntity::subTransformBy

subGetStretchPoints - provide stretch points other than the
grippoints, default is to call subGetGripPoints
subMoveStretchPointsAt - used by stretch, default is subTransformBy
subTransformBy - needed for moving entity
 AcDbEntity Protocol

subIntersectWith - no default

subGetGeomExtents - no default

subList - print specified data, DXF name,

layer, space, and handle by default

subExplode - no default, must be implemented for

hatch to work
If exploding to non-“native” objects, return eExplodeAgain
Hatch calls explode recursively until down to “native” entities
(until eOk returned)
Lab - Step 6

Creating a Custom Entity

Agenda

Overview of APIs
AutoCAD: Hello.arx
ObjectDBX: Structure
ObjectDBX: Extend it!
AutoCAD: Multi-Document Environment
Notification System
AutoCAD: Multi-Document Environment
(MDE)

Documents

Per-document data

Current vs. Active Documents

Documents

State of the edit session

AcApDocument class encapsulates

 AcDbDatabase viewed
 XRefed databases
 Selection sets
 Most system variables

AcApDocManager holds the list of documents

 Per-Document Data
Applications may have per-doc data
 this is their concept of a document

Data must be kept in sync with the active document

(fiber)
 this is their concept of a document manager
Current vs. Active Documents

Current…
 for the user = ‘Active’
 for the API = ‘Current’

Activating a document sets the current doc

 current document = active document

Current doc can change (programmatically)

 current document may not be active
Agenda

Overview of APIs
AutoCAD: Hello.arx
ObjectDBX: Structure
ObjectDBX: Extend it!
AutoCAD: Multi-Document Environment
Notification System
Notification System

Observer Pattern Implementation

Subjects & Observers
 ObjectDBX
 AutoCAD
Acting as an Observer
Acting as a Subject
 Notification
Observer pattern class diagram

1. Knows its observers

2. Provides interface to Defines updating interface
attach/detach observers

Observer
Subject observers

Attach(Observer) Update()
Detach(Observer)
For all o in observers { SendNotification()
o->Update()
}

ConcreteSubject ConcreteObserver
Update()
subjectState observerState
Notification
Observer pattern interaction diagram

3.
A ConcreteSubject 4. A ConcreteObserver

2. 1.

Client

1. Client creates observer

2. Client attaches observer to subject
3. Subject changes state and fires notification to
observer
4. Observer learns details of state change
Notification Example
Interaction diagram

3.
An AcDbLine 4.
Your custom object

2. 1.

Client

1. Client creates your custom object

2. Client calls addPersistentReactor on the AcDbLine
3. Changing AcDbLine sends objectModified notification
4. Your custom object looks at the line to find out what
changed
ObjectDBX
Observers (reactors)

Another AcDbObject An AcDbDatabaseReactor

An AcDbDatabase

An AcDbObject An AcDbObjectReactor
Subjects

The AcDbLayoutManager An AcDbLayoutManagerReactor

The AcDbTransactionManager An AcTransactionReactor

The AcRxEvent An AcRxEventReactor

The AcRxDynamicLinker An AcRxDLinkerReactor

ObjectDBX
 AutoCAD
Observers (reactors)

The AcDbSummaryInfoManager An AcDbSummaryInfoReactor

The AcGsManager An AcGsReactor

The AcApProfileManager An AcApProfileManagerReactor

Subjects

An AcEdInputPointFilter
The AcEdInputPointManager An AcEdInputPointMonitor
An AcEdInputContextReactor

The AcApLongTransactionManager An AcApLongTransactionReactor

The AcApDocumentManager An AcApDocManagerReactor

The AcEditor An AcEditorReactor

AutoCAD
Acting as an Observer

Derive a concrete observer class

 Override notification functions
Instantiate it
Attach it to subject
Remove it when done
 At least when application is unloaded
Acting as a Subject

Define your own observer (notification) interface

Provide methods to attach/detach observers
Send notifications when state changes
 If your observer (reactor) is database resident then open it
for kForNotify
Lab - Step 7

Observing various subjects

More API Resources
 AutoCAD Developer Center - download training labs
 http://www.autodesk.com/developautocad

 Blogs
Through the Interface (AutoCAD.NET)
http://through-the-interface.typepad.com/through_the_interface/

AutoCAD DevBlog
http://adndevblog.typepad.com/autocad/

 Whitepapers and Training Videos – ADN members

 http://adn.autodesk.com/adn/servlet/index?siteID=4814862&id=5475227&li
nkID=4900509
 Discussion Groups : http://discussion.autodesk.com

 AutoCAD .NET Training (classroom)

 http://www.autodesk.com/apitraining
Thank You !