Electrophoresis: by Vasudha Saswati Jyotsna Priyanka
Electrophoresis: by Vasudha Saswati Jyotsna Priyanka
Electrophoresis: by Vasudha Saswati Jyotsna Priyanka
By
Vasudha
Saswati
Jyotsna
Priyanka
ELECTROPHORESIS
E*q
v = ---------------
f
v = velocity of migration of the molecule.
E = electric field in volts per cm
q = net electric charge on the molecule
f = frictional coefficient
For molecules with similar conformation f varies with size but not
with shape. Thus electrophoretic mobility (µ) of a molecule is
directly proportional to charge density(charge\mass ratio).
FACTORS AFFECTING
ELECTROPHORETIC MOBILITY
1. Charge – higher the charge greater the
electrophoretic mobility.
FREE ZONE
ELECTROPHORESIS ELECTROPHORESIS
PROCEDURE
Protein sample is first boiled for 5 mins in a buffer solution
containing SDS and β-mercaptoethanol.
Protein gets denatured and opens up into rod-shaped
structure.
Sample buffer contains bromophenol blue which is used as
a tracking dye, and sucrose or glycerol.
Before the sample is loaded into the main separating gel a
stacking gel is poured on top of the separating gel.
PROCEDURE Continued…
Current is switched on.
The negatively charged protein-SDS complexes now
continue to move towards the anode.
As they pass through the separating gel, the proteins
separate, owing to the molecular sieving properties of the
gel.
When the dye reaches the bottom of the gel, the current is
turned off.
Gel is removed from between the glass plates and shaken
in an appropriate stain solution.
Blue colored bands are observed under UV rays.
CONTINUOUS AND DISCONTINUOUS
BUFFER SYSTEMS
I. The pH gradient,
II. The thickness of the gel
III. Time of electrophoresis,
IV. The applied voltage,
V. Diffusion of the protein into the gel.
PREPARATION OF IEF GEL
A TYPICAL ISOELECTRIC
FOCUSING GEL
TWO-DIMENSIONAL
ELECTROPHORESIS
This technique combines the technique IEF
(first dimension), which separates proteins in
a mixture according to charge (PI), with the
size separation technique of SDS-PAGE
second dimension).