Meiosis and Genetics Combined Powerpoints
Meiosis and Genetics Combined Powerpoints
Meiosis and Genetics Combined Powerpoints
Genetics
QUESTIONS/
EXAMPLES TITLE: Meiosis
Why Meiosis? Mitosis produces cells with
exactly the same amount of
chromosomes as the original cell.
If this was the only means of
cell division, offspring would
end up with twice as many
chromosomes as the parents.
Meiosis II
= 1n
QUESTIONS/
EXAMPLES
TITLE: Meiosis
How many chromosomes
•With Fertilization, Sperm (23) and Egg
does a human sperm
contain? (23).. Haploid…come together to
produce a Zygote (46)..Diploid
-23 chromosomes
How many chromosomes
does a human egg contain?
-23 chromosomes
What happens during Sexual This pattern of reproduction that
Reproduction? involves the combining (fusion) of
-Haploid gametes (egg and haploid gametes is called Sexual
sperm) combine. Reproduction
How many chromosomes
does a human skin cell
contain?
-46 (diploid)
QUESTIONS/
EXAMPLES
TITLE: Meiosis
Homologous Chromosomes:
Where do you find Paired chromosomes, each with
homologous genes for the same traits. These
chromosomes? exist in Diploid cells and are what
determine how an individual looks
-in Diploid Cells
(traits)
-Ex:
Mom’s chromosomes
for hair color
Dad’s
chromosomes
for hair color
Phases of Meiosis
Questions/ Phases of
TITLE:
Examples Meiosis
What happens •Interphase
within the cell
DNA
during Interphase
of Meiosis? Replication
-DNA is replicated.
Questions/ Phases of
TITLE:
Examples Meiosis
Example of a TETRAD •Prophase I
Each pair of homologous
chromosomes come together
to form a four-part structure
called a Tetrad
At the end of
Are the two cells identical? Meiosis I the two
new cells are
-No, they have different sets of Haploid and have
chromosomes different sets of
chromosomes
Meiosis I
Questions/ Phases of
TITLE:
Examples Meiosis
Example of Prophase II •Prophase II
Nuclear Membrane
breaks down,
chromosomes
condense
Meiosis II is
Do chromosomes replicate identical to Mitosis
during Prophase II of Meiosis?
-NO!
Questions/ Phases of
TITLE:
Examples Meiosis
Example of Metaphase II
•Metaphase II
Chromosomes
(sister
chromatids)
line up down
the center of
the cell
Questions/ Phases of
TITLE:
Examples Meiosis
Example of Anaphase II
• Anaphase II
http://www.writing.ucsb.edu/faculty/samuels/dna.jpg
QUESTIONS/ TITLE: The Work of
EXAMPLES
Gregor Mendel
http://www.biology.arizona.edu/mendelian_genetics/problem_sets/monohybrid_cross/graphics/02Q.gif
SUMMARY OF WHAT MENDLE DID/SAW
http://wellspring.isinj.com/bio/principlesI/Images/segregation.jpg
QUESTIONS/ TITLE: Rule of Dominance
EXAMPLES
Example of alleles and the traits (Don’t write this down, just listen): Remember,
they show: How many Tall plants Mendel said there were two alleles, one from
are there, how many short? the female and one from the male for every
trait, or gene- these get passed from generation
to generation.
were tall)
QUESTIONS/ TITLE: Rule of Dominance
EXAMPLES
• If T is dominant, then:
Write an example of a –TT=Tall, Tt=Tall, and tt=Short.
genotype.
• The allele combo/gene combo:
Write an example of a
phenotype. (TT, Tt, or tt): = genotype of
the trait.
•Phenotype: The expression of the
gene/the way you look.
•Blue eyes, straight hair, smooth pea,
wrinkled pea are all phenotypes.
http://web.grcc.edu/biosci/revhand/genetic/~wp0002.jpg
QUESTIONS/ TITLE: LAW OF
EXAMPLES SEGREGATION
(Remember: All plants/animals have two alleles for each
gene: different alleles = two different types of gametes: pair
randomly during fertilization (independent assortment!))
Example: F1 (Tt) X F1 (Tt) Segregation = Separation
of alleles during gamete
F2: TT Tt Tt tt
formation
Each F1 has a tall and short Segregation +
allele (for the gene for height) Independent assortment =
that it can pass on to its
offspring (F2) four possible
combinations of
alleles.
What is the genotypic
ratio? Phenotypic ratio?
QUESTIONS/ TITLE: Punnett Squares
EXAMPLES
Male
-A diagram used to
T T
show what might result
from a genetic cross
Tt Tt --Used to
t
Female
predict/compare
genetic variations
t
Tt Tt
QUESTIONS/ TITLE: Punnett Squares
EXAMPLES
•So far we have only looked at single or lone traits like height.
–The crossing of these plants when only looking at one gene or
trait is called a monohybrid cross.
•What would happen if we looked at two traits and their alleles at
the same time?
Crossing 2 traits at the same
time:
– This is called a dihybrid
How many traits are
cross.
crossed in a dihybrid
cross? – Ex. Wrinkled and yellow
peas or round and green
peas
QUESTIONS/ TITLE: Dihybrid Crosses
EXAMPLES
http://campus.queens.edu/faculty/jannr/Genetics/images/dihybridtestcross.gif
QUESTIONS/ TITLE: Incomplete Dominance
EXAMPLES