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Sulphuric Acid (H2SO4)

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Vedita Saraf Budania

Sulfuric acid is a vital industrial chemical that is produced through the contact process. It involves converting sulfur to sulfur dioxide, then to sulfur trioxide, which is then combined with water to form sulfuric acid. Sulfuric acid has many important uses including in fertilizer production, battery acid, and cleaning metals. The largest markets are fertilizers and organic chemicals. It is a strong acid that is soluble in water and is produced and used heavily in industrialized nations.

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Sulphuric Acid (H2SO4)

Uploaded by

Vedita Saraf Budania
703 views11 pages
Sulfuric acid is a vital industrial chemical that is produced through the contact process. It involves converting sulfur to sulfur dioxide, then to sulfur trioxide, which is then combined with water to form sulfuric acid. Sulfuric acid has many important uses including in fertilizer production, battery acid, and cleaning metals. The largest markets are fertilizers and organic chemicals. It is a strong acid that is soluble in water and is produced and used heavily in industrialized nations.

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Sulfuric acid is a vital industrial chemical that is produced through the contact process. It involves converting sulfur to sulfur dioxide, then to sulfur trioxide, which is then combined with water to form sulfuric acid. Sulfuric acid has many important uses including in fertilizer production, battery acid, and cleaning metals. The largest markets are fertilizers and organic chemicals. It is a strong acid that is soluble in water and is produced and used heavily in industrialized nations.

Copyright:

Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
703 views11 pages

Sulphuric Acid (H2SO4)

Uploaded by

Vedita Saraf Budania
Sulfuric acid is a vital industrial chemical that is produced through the contact process. It involves converting sulfur to sulfur dioxide, then to sulfur trioxide, which is then combined with water to form sulfuric acid. Sulfuric acid has many important uses including in fertilizer production, battery acid, and cleaning metals. The largest markets are fertilizers and organic chemicals. It is a strong acid that is soluble in water and is produced and used heavily in industrialized nations.

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Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Sulfuric Acid

King of the Chemicals 


It is vital for many industrial
processes

It is manufactured in large
quantities by all industrially
advanced countries
Uses
Sulfuric acid is a very important commodity chemical, and indeed, a
nation's sulfuric acid production is a good indicator of its industrial
strength.

 Used in Storage Batteries and other electric utilities


 Used in manufacturing of many Fertilizers and Superphosphate
 Regenerating Ion-Exchange resins
 In Copper Leaching
 Used in manufacturing of many types of Explosives
 Used in organic sulfonation
 Production of Fertilizers
Markets
 The fertilizer market is the largest, U.S. individually consumes 50-65
percent of all produced.
 Second is the organic chemical industry. Production of plastics and
synthetic fibers are examples.
 Production of TiO2 consumes large quantities of sulfuric acid. TiO2 is a
white pigment used in paints and plastics.
 In the metal industry sulfuric acid is used for pickling ferrous and non-
ferrous materials and in the recovery of copper, nickel, and zinc from
low-grade ores.
 Finally, the petroleum industry uses acid as a catalyst for various
reactions.
Manufacture
Sulfuric acid is produced from sulfur, oxygen and water
using three methods.

 Meta bisulfate method


 Contact process
 Wet sulfuric acid process

Contact Process:

1) S (s) + O2 (g)  SO2(g)


2) 2SO2 (g) + O2 (g)  2SO3 (in presence of V2O5)
3) H2SO4 (l) + SO3 (g)  H2S2O7 (l)
4) H2S2 O7 (l) + H2 O (l)  2 H2SO4 (l)
Properties

 Sulfuric acid is a strong mineral acid 


 It is soluble in water at all concentrations.
 Molecular Weight – 98.08 gm/mol
 Appearance – Clear, colorless, odorless & liquid.
 Melting Point – 283 K
 Boiling Point – 610 K
 Other names – Oil of vitriol
Physical Properties – Grades
 Battery Acid(used in lead-acid batteries) :
 33-38% Mass Fraction
 1.25-1.28 Density
 4.2-5 Concentration

 Fertilizer Acid
 62-70% M.F
 1.52-1.60 Density
 9.6-11.5 Concentration
 Concentration Sulfuric Acid
 95-98% MF
 1.83 Density
 Aprox 18 Concentration

Mass Fraction – MF
Density in kg/L
Concentration mol/L
Physical Properties
Anhydrous H2SO4 is a very polar liquid, having a dielectric
constant of around 100. It has a high electrical conductivity, caused
by dissociation through protonating itself, a process known
as autoprotolysis.

2 H2SO4   H3SO+4 + HSO−4

The equilibrium constant for the autoprotolysis is

Kap(25°C)= [H3SO+4][HSO−4] = 2.7×10−4


Chemical Properties

Reaction with water


The hydration reaction of sulfuric acid is highly exothermic.

H2SO4 + H2O → H3O+ + HSO4-
HSO4- + H2O → H3O+ + SO42-

Reaction with Copper


The reaction of copper(II) oxide with sulfuric acid gives us copper
sulfate which is used in electroplating.

CuO(s) + H2SO4(aq) → CuSO4(aq) + H2O(l)


Chemical Properties

Reaction with Iron


On reaction with Fe sulfuric acid gives us Iron sulfate.

Fe(s) + H2SO4(aq) → H2(g) + FeSO4(aq)

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution


Sulfuric acid undergoes electrophilic aromatic substitution with aromatic
compounds to give the corresponding sulfonic acids
Sources :

 1.Http://www.Dshs.State.Tx.Us/epitox/fact_sheets/sulfuric_acid.Pdf
 http://science.jrank.org/pages/6602/Sulfuric-Acid.html
 Http://www.Factmonster.Com/ce6/sci/a0847159.Html
 http://web.fccj.org/~ethall/h2so4/h2so4.htm
 Http://en.Wikipedia.Org/wiki/sulfuric_acid
 Sulfuric acid manufacture : analysis, control and optimization /
William G. Davenport and Matthew J. King
 The Dehydration of Sugar by Sulfuric Acid (google docs)

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