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    Sulphuric Acid (H2SO4)

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    Vedita Saraf Budania
    Sulfuric acid is a vital industrial chemical that is produced through the contact process. It involves converting sulfur to sulfur dioxide, then to sulfur trioxide, which is then combined with water to form sulfuric acid. Sulfuric acid has many important uses including in fertilizer production, battery acid, and cleaning metals. The largest markets are fertilizers and organic chemicals. It is a strong acid that is soluble in water and is produced and used heavily in industrialized nations.

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    Sulphuric Acid (H2SO4)

    Uploaded by

    Vedita Saraf Budania
    652 views11 pages
    Sulfuric acid is a vital industrial chemical that is produced through the contact process. It involves converting sulfur to sulfur dioxide, then to sulfur trioxide, which is then combined with water to form sulfuric acid. Sulfuric acid has many important uses including in fertilizer production, battery acid, and cleaning metals. The largest markets are fertilizers and organic chemicals. It is a strong acid that is soluble in water and is produced and used heavily in industrialized nations.

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    Sulfuric acid is a vital industrial chemical that is produced through the contact process. It involves converting sulfur to sulfur dioxide, then to sulfur trioxide, which is then combined with water to form sulfuric acid. Sulfuric acid has many important uses including in fertilizer production, battery acid, and cleaning metals. The largest markets are fertilizers and organic chemicals. It is a strong acid that is soluble in water and is produced and used heavily in industrialized nations.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    652 views11 pages

    Sulphuric Acid (H2SO4)

    Uploaded by

    Vedita Saraf Budania
    Sulfuric acid is a vital industrial chemical that is produced through the contact process. It involves converting sulfur to sulfur dioxide, then to sulfur trioxide, which is then combined with water to form sulfuric acid. Sulfuric acid has many important uses including in fertilizer production, battery acid, and cleaning metals. The largest markets are fertilizers and organic chemicals. It is a strong acid that is soluble in water and is produced and used heavily in industrialized nations.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 11

    Sulfuric Acid

    King of the Chemicals 


    It is vital for many industrial
    processes

    It is manufactured in large
    quantities by all industrially
    advanced countries
    Uses
    Sulfuric acid is a very important commodity chemical, and indeed, a
    nation's sulfuric acid production is a good indicator of its industrial
    strength.

     Used in Storage Batteries and other electric utilities


     Used in manufacturing of many Fertilizers and Superphosphate
     Regenerating Ion-Exchange resins
     In Copper Leaching
     Used in manufacturing of many types of Explosives
     Used in organic sulfonation
     Production of Fertilizers
    Markets
     The fertilizer market is the largest, U.S. individually consumes 50-65
    percent of all produced.
     Second is the organic chemical industry. Production of plastics and
    synthetic fibers are examples.
     Production of TiO2 consumes large quantities of sulfuric acid. TiO2 is a
    white pigment used in paints and plastics.
     In the metal industry sulfuric acid is used for pickling ferrous and non-
    ferrous materials and in the recovery of copper, nickel, and zinc from
    low-grade ores.
     Finally, the petroleum industry uses acid as a catalyst for various
    reactions.
    Manufacture
    Sulfuric acid is produced from sulfur, oxygen and water
    using three methods.

     Meta bisulfate method


     Contact process
     Wet sulfuric acid process

    Contact Process:

    1) S (s) + O2 (g)  SO2(g)


    2) 2SO2 (g) + O2 (g)  2SO3 (in presence of V2O5)
    3) H2SO4 (l) + SO3 (g)  H2S2O7 (l)
    4) H2S2 O7 (l) + H2 O (l)  2 H2SO4 (l)
    Properties

     Sulfuric acid is a strong mineral acid 


     It is soluble in water at all concentrations.
     Molecular Weight – 98.08 gm/mol
     Appearance – Clear, colorless, odorless & liquid.
     Melting Point – 283 K
     Boiling Point – 610 K
     Other names – Oil of vitriol
    Physical Properties – Grades
     Battery Acid(used in lead-acid batteries) :
     33-38% Mass Fraction
     1.25-1.28 Density
     4.2-5 Concentration

     Fertilizer Acid
     62-70% M.F
     1.52-1.60 Density
     9.6-11.5 Concentration
     Concentration Sulfuric Acid
     95-98% MF
     1.83 Density
     Aprox 18 Concentration

    Mass Fraction – MF
    Density in kg/L
    Concentration mol/L
    Physical Properties
    Anhydrous H2SO4 is a very polar liquid, having a dielectric
    constant of around 100. It has a high electrical conductivity, caused
    by dissociation through protonating itself, a process known
    as autoprotolysis.

    2 H2SO4   H3SO+4 + HSO−4

    The equilibrium constant for the autoprotolysis is

    Kap(25°C)= [H3SO+4][HSO−4] = 2.7×10−4


    Chemical Properties

    Reaction with water


    The hydration reaction of sulfuric acid is highly exothermic.

    H2SO4 + H2O → H3O+ + HSO4-
    HSO4- + H2O → H3O+ + SO42-

    Reaction with Copper


    The reaction of copper(II) oxide with sulfuric acid gives us copper
    sulfate which is used in electroplating.

    CuO(s) + H2SO4(aq) → CuSO4(aq) + H2O(l)


    Chemical Properties

    Reaction with Iron


    On reaction with Fe sulfuric acid gives us Iron sulfate.

    Fe(s) + H2SO4(aq) → H2(g) + FeSO4(aq)

    Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution


    Sulfuric acid undergoes electrophilic aromatic substitution with aromatic
    compounds to give the corresponding sulfonic acids
    Sources :

     1.Http://www.Dshs.State.Tx.Us/epitox/fact_sheets/sulfuric_acid.Pdf
     http://science.jrank.org/pages/6602/Sulfuric-Acid.html
     Http://www.Factmonster.Com/ce6/sci/a0847159.Html
     http://web.fccj.org/~ethall/h2so4/h2so4.htm
     Http://en.Wikipedia.Org/wiki/sulfuric_acid
     Sulfuric acid manufacture : analysis, control and optimization /
    William G. Davenport and Matthew J. King
     The Dehydration of Sugar by Sulfuric Acid (google docs)

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