Oracle Database 12cR2 New Features

OpenWorld 2016
Oracle Database 12c Release 2
Penny Avril, Dominic Giles

Oracle Server Technologies
September, 2016
Copyright © 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Confidential – Oracle Internal/Restricted/Highly
Restricted
Safe Harbor Statement
The following is intended to outline our general product direction. It is intended for
information purposes only, and may not be incorporated into any contract. It is not a
commitment to deliver any material, code, or functionality, and should not be relied upon
in making purchasing decisions. The development, release, and timing of any features or
functionality described for Oracle’s products remains at the sole discretion of Oracle.
Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |

Announcing Oracle Database 12c Release 2 on Oracle Cloud
• Available now
– Exadata Express Cloud Service
• Coming soon
– Database Cloud Services
– Exadata Cloud Machine
Oracle is presenting features for Oracle Database 12c Release 2 on Oracle Cloud. We will announce availability
of the On-Prem release sometime after Open World.
Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | 4

Oracle Database 12c Continuous Innovation
1990s 2000s 2010s
Client-Server Internet Cloud
Oracle 5, 6, 7, 8 Oracle 8i, 9i, 10g Oracle 11g, 12c
Scalability Row Level Locking, B-tree Indexes, Real Application Clusters, Exadata, Smart Flash, In-Memory DB,
Read Consistency, Parallel Server, Automatic Storage Management, IOTs Software-in-Silicon,
Shared Cursors, Shared Server Advanced Compression, Bitmap Indexes Native Database Sharding
Availability Transactions, Ref Integrity, Online Data Guard (Active), Recovery Manager, Zero Data Loss Recovery Appliance, Edition
Backup, Point-in-Time Recovery Flashback, Clusterware, Online DDL, TAF Based Redefinition, App. Cont.
Analytics Partitions, Parallel SQL, Optimizer Analytic Function, Data Mining, OLAP, MVs SQL Pattern Match, R, Big Data Appl
Security Privileges, Roles, Auditing, Network Data Encrypt, Masking, Virtual Private DB, Label Real Application Security, DB Firewall,
Encryption, Views Security, DB Vault, Audit Vault, PKI Privilege Analysis, Redaction, Key Vault
Developers SQL, Views, PL/SQL, Triggers, LOBs, Java in DB, Native XML, Table Functions, .Net, Native JSON, REST Services, Node.js,
Object Types, Spatial, Text PHP, App Express, SQL Developer RDF Social Graph, Network Graph
Management Enterprise Manager, v$, wait event Diagnostics, Tuning, Testing, Lifecycle Packs MultiTenant, DB & Exa Cloud, DB Appl
Integration DB Links, 2PC, Replication, AQ GoldenGate, XA Transaction,External Table Big Data SQL, Big Data Analytics
Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Public 5
Performance
Scalability
Availability
Availability
Performance Security Developers Management Availability Big Data Analytics
Analytics
Analytics
Security
Security
Developers
Developers
Management
Management
Big Data
Integration
Performance
Performance Security Developers Management Availability Big Data Analytics
What is Oracle Database In-Memory?
Buffer Cache New In-Memory
Format • Breakthrough: Dual Format
Database
• BOTH row and column
formats for same table
SALES SALES
Row Column • Simultaneously active and
Format Format transactionally consistent
• Analytics & reporting use new
in-memory Column format
SALES • OLTP uses proven row format
Performance Security Developers Management Availability

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and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Public Analytics 8
In-Memory on Active Data Guard Standby
Month Year
In-Memory In-Memory
• Enables real-time analytics on
standby with no impact on
production database
• Makes productive use of standby
database resources
• Can place different data in-memory
Production Standby on standby versus production

Faster In-Memory Joins
Example: Find total sales in outlet stores
Stores Sales • Join Group specifies columns used

Store ID is
join column to join tables
– Columns share compression dictionary
Store ID
Type
Amount
Store ID
Type=‘Outlet’ • Joins occur on dictionary rather
than data
Create Join Group store_sales_jg

(STORES (STORE_ID),SALES (STORE_ID);

In-Memory JSON Queries
Pure In-Memory Columnar • Virtual columns from JSON
objects loaded into In-Memory
Virtual Columns
• Full JSON documents loaded using
a highly optimized In-Memory
Relational In-Memory In-Memory
binary format
Virtual Columns JSON Format
• Query operations on JSON
content automatically directed to
Relational Virtual JSON In-Memory
{ • Simple queries on virtual
"Theater":"AMC 15",
"Movie":"Jurrasic World 3D", columns
"Time“:2015-11-26T18:45:00",
"Tickets":{
"Adults":2
• More complex JSON processing
}
}
using in-memory binary format

In-Memory Fast-Start
In-Memory
• IM column format persisted to storage
Buffer Cache Column Store • In-Memory column store contents
checkpointed to secure file lob on
populate
• When DB restarts, population is faster
as population process reads the
DBFILE1 SALES
TABLESPACE
DBFILE2 column format directly from storage
Index Table
Table
Table FAST START
TABLESPACE
Fast Start
Data • Faster restore (2-5x) of column store
Index
since no need to reformat data

Index Compression High
• New Index High compression enables
further compression of indexes
• Significant space savings for index heavy
1.8X applicationsIndex
(i.e. Usage
OLTP)Statistics
• Index compression
• Track can
indexalso
usageresult in I/O
4.6X improvements with
as ano overhead
higher proportion of
index can be• cached
Views provide
1.2 TB 679 GB 270 GB usage histograms
and access
No Low High
Compression Compression Compression
10,000 Indexes
13% Improvement in workload throughput (for low compression)

Security

Online Tablespace Encryption
• Exabytes of unencrypted data exist today
• Currently must export/import to encrypt
• 12.2 introduces online encryption of
existing database files
– Also supports online re-key
• Also New
Acme
Acme
10 1/2/16
3 1/3/16
SALES DF11233 U*1
$5Ha1qui %H1
– Full encryption of internal database structures
TABLESPACE
Acme
Acme
Acme
5 1/5/16
12 1/7/16
4 1/8/16
HSKQ112 A14
FASqw34 £$1
DF@£!1ah HH!
i.e. SYSTEM, SYSAUX, and UNDO tablespaces
Acme 2 1/9/16 HCM DA45S& DD1
TABLESPACE

New in 12.2 Database Vault Simulation Mode
Define and test security protection profiles through application lifecycle
Realm and Command

Rules Simulation
Rules ENFORCEDMode
HR APP
Create Index
DBA
SIMULATION LOG
HR SCHEMA
Integrated Production Activate New

Development Production
Test Test Profile
Create DV profile Regression testing Devops/Patching Trusted path factors

Protected Objects Authorized Users Authorized Tasks IPs, Users, Modules

Key Vault - Hybrid Cloud Key Management
Users
OKV END OKV END OKV END

POINT POINT POINT
Applications GATEWAY
Oracle Cloud
Users On-Premises
SSH TUNNEL
OKV END
POINT
Alerts !
OKV END
POINT
Applications Reports
OKV END
POINT
Key Vault

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Developers

Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or Big| Data
its affiliates. All rights reserved. Public Analytics 18
Core Database Improvements
CREATE TABLE
Sales_Data_For_Online_Transactions
(Transaction_Identifier NUMBER(6),
Date_Of_Sales_Transaction DATE,
Gross_Value_of_Transaction NUMBER(3,2),
. . .
…
Case insensitive database Long Identifiers Globalization Support

support • Object Names for tables, columns • AL32UTF8 is the default database
• Collation can be declared on a etc. can now be 128 bytes in character set
schema, table or column level length
• Unicode 7.0 support
• Accent-insensitive is also • Allows for more expressive
supported naming of objects

More 12.2 SQL innovations
• Enhanced LISTAGG
• Band joins
• Real-time materialized views
• PL/SQL Improvements

Oracle Database 12c as a Document Store
12.2 JSON DataGuide – Automatic Schema Inference
Table containing JSON DataGuide Table enhanced with

JSON documents virtual columns
SQL> desc MOVIE_TICKETS SQL> desc MOVIE_TICKETS
NAME TYPE NAME TYPE
--------------------- ----------- DBMS_JSON.AddVC( --------------------- -----------
BOOKING_ID RAW(16) “MOVIE_TICKETS”, BOOKING_ID RAW(16)
BOOKING_TIME TIMESTAMP(6) “BOOKING_DETAILS”); BOOKING_TIME TIMESTAMP(6)
BOOKING_DETAILS VARCHAR2(4000) BOOKING_DETAILS VARCHAR2(4000)
BOOKING_DETAILS$Movie VARCHAR2(16)
BOOKING_DETAILS$Theater VARCHAR2(16)
BOOKING_DETAILS$Adults NUMBER
{ BOOKING_DETAILS$Time VARCHAR2(32)
"Theater":"AMC 15",
"Movie":"Jurrasic World 3D",
"Time“:2015-11-26T18:45:00",
"Tickets":{
"Adults":2
}
}

Oracle SODA
Simple Oracle Document Access
• JSON Document APIs for REST and Java
• Leverages native 12.2 database JSON features
• Allows developers to combine the ease of use of

document development and relational
JSON
• SQL analytics can be used on JSON documents
• Full PL/SQL API

New Oracle .NET Support
• Oracle Public Cloud
– .NET Compute
– Visual Studio deployment tools for Oracle Public Cloud
• Application Continuity for unplanned database outages
• Sharding
• Database Resident Connection Pooling
• Offline Schema Compare in Visual Studio

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LiveSQL.oracle.com – Free
• SQL scratch pad in the Oracle Cloud
• Free service launched Oct 2015 @ OOW
• Google searchable SQL syntax
• Customers can save and share SQL examples
• Planned integration w/ Oracle documentation

Manageability

Consolidation & Isolation at Scale
• PDBs per container increased from Pricing Retail

252 to 4,096
• Memory resource prioritization in
addition to CPU and I/O
• PDBs optimized for RAC Multitenant Container
– PDB lock domain
PDB Hot Clone Snap Clone
Snap Clone
Oracle Cloud
CRM CRM Dev1 CRM Dev2
• PDB Hot Clone
– Online test master instantiation
Hot Clone Developers
Pricing Retail CRM
On-Premises
PDB Refresh Snap Clone
Snap Clone
Oracle Cloud
CRM CRM Dev1 CRM Dev2
• PDB Hot Clone Cloned version no longer in sync

• PDB Refresh
– Incremental refresh of clone with latest Only changes copied and applied
Developers
data
Pricing Retail CRM
Changes made to database
TIME
On-Premises
PDB Relocate
CRM HR
• PDB Hot Clone
• PDB Refresh
– Incremental refresh of clone with latest Oracle Cloud
data
• PDB Relocate Pricing Retail CRM
– Relocate with no downtime
On-Premises
Application Container
• PDBs share application objects

– Code, metadata and data
• Further simplifies management
– Apply updates to application container
• Suitable for SaaS-like applications

Availability

Oracle Sharding
Linear Scalability, Fault Isolation, Global Data Distribution, Cloud Enabled
• RAC and Data Guard meet needs of over 99% of applications
while preserving application transparency
• Some Global-Scale OLTP applications prefer to shard massive
Customers Americas
databases into a farm of smaller databases
– Avoid scalability or availability edge cases of a single large
system image database
– Willing to customize data model and applications to enable
Customers Europe transactions to be automatically routed to the right shard
Customers • Native SQL for sharding tables across up to 1000 Shards

- Routing of SQL based on shard key, and cross shard queries
- Online addition and reorganization of shards
Customers Asia
One giant database partitioned into many small - Linear scalability of data, workload, users with isolation
databases (shards)

Oracle Sharding Automated Distribution
Enhanced SQL syntax for Sharding
… • SQL syntax for creating sharded tables
CREATE SHARDED TABLE Customers
• Not proprietary APIs as with NoSQL
( CustId VARCHAR2(60) NOT NULL, • Creation of a sharded table automatically
FirstName VARCHAR2(60),
LastName VARCHAR2(60),
partitions data across shards
… • Transparent resharding as data grows
PRIMARY KEY(CustId),
) • Choice of sharding methods:
PARTITION BY CONSISTENT HASH (CustId)
…
• System managed - consistent hash
• User defined - range, list
… • Composite - range-hash, list-hash
• Common reference data (e.g. Price List) is
… automatically duplicated on all shards
• Supports shard placement in specific
geographies to satisfy government data privacy
Routing Support on Client for Highest Speed
Application
App Tier
• Clients pass sharding key (e.g. Customer ID) Server
Sharding key
to Connection pool, connection is routed to
the right shard Shard Directors
• Fast: caching key ranges on client ensures Coordinator
that most accesses go directly to the shard Routing Tier DB
• Scalable: easily scales with more clients and
shards
• Supports UCP, OCI, ODP.NET, and JDBC
…
Data
Tier
…

Sharded Schema
Customers Orders Line Items Sharded
Products
Duplicated
35
Performance Security Developers Management Availability Big Data
Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Public Analytics
Improvements to Real Application Clusters
RAC Reader Nodes ASM Flex Disk Groups
Flex Diskgroup
• Operations to be targeted
• RAC Reader Nodes utilize Leaf nodes DB DB DB
File
11 File
2 File
3 against all files in a database
starting with 12.2 Flex Cluster File 1
File 1
File
2
File 2
File 2
File
3 3 3 • Shadow copies (“split mirrors”)
• Leaf nodes are loosely coupled and File
4 for testing / reporting
typically do not directly access storage
Oracle Database 12c Rapid Home Provisioning

Autonomous Health • Manage existing 11.2 and 12.1
Framework deployments
• Grid Infrastructure: provision, scale,
• Discovers Potential Issues and Notifies
patch, upgrade
with Corrective Actions
• Scale clusters and RAC databases
• Preserves Database and Server
Availability and Performance

More 12.2 High Availability Innovations
Application Continuity Active Data Guard
• Diagnostic, Tuning, and SQL Plan Analyzer
• Planned maintenance on Standby
• No user disconnect on failover
enhancements • Multi-node parallel apply in RAC
• High-speed block comparison between
primary and standby
• More secure (SSL-based redo transport,
automatically maintain password files)
SALESTABLE
More partition maintenance

Online Table Move
Q1 Q2 Q3
operations now online

Big Data

Oracle Big Data Platform
Access with any language
REST Java node.js SQL Python R Scala
Machine Analysis of any type

SQL Spark Graph Spatial
Learning
Data of any type
Any data source

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Fast SQL access for Relational, Hadoop and NoSQL
Using Oracle Big Data SQL
• Unified SQL language for all data sources

– With full power of Oracle SQL
• Massively parallel, distributed query processing
– Local processing using ‘Smart Scan’ technology
Big Data SQL
– Scalable joins between data sources
• Secure data access
– Redaction and row-based security on all data sources

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Big Data Innovations
Partitioned External Tables
SALESTABLE(external) • External tables can be partitioned

SQL using any partitioning technique
• Partition pruning and basic
UKPartition Germany Partition USAPartition partition
maintenance(add/drop/exchange)

Analytics

Oracle Partitioning in Oracle Database 12.2
Over a decade of development and better than ever before
Core functionality Performance Manageability
Oracle 10g R2 and Earlier Range partitioning, Static partition pruning, Basic maintenance: ADD, DROP, EXCHANGE, MERGE
Local and global Range indexing, Partition-wise joins, Global index maintenance,
Hash partitioning, Dynamic partition pruning, Local Index maintenance,
Range-Hash partitioning, Fast partition SPLIT, Fast DROP TABLE
List partitioning, Multi-dimensional pruning
Range-List partitioning,
Global Hash indexing,
1M partitions per table
Virtual column based partitioning, “AND” pruning Interval partitioning,
Oracle 11g More composite choices, Partition Advisor,
Reference partitioning, Incremental stats management,
Hash-* partitioning, Multi-branch execution (aka table or-expansion)
Expanded Reference partitioning
Oracle 12c R1 Interval-Reference partitioning Partition Maintenance on multiple partitions, Online partition MOVE,
Asynchronous global index maintenance Cascading TRUNCATE,
Partial indexing,
Oracle 12c R2 Auto-list partitioning, Online partition maintenance operations, Filtered partition maintenance
Multi-column list partitioning, Online table conversion to partitioned operations,
Interval subpartitioning, table, Read only partitions,
Partitioned external tables Reduced cursor invalidations for DDL’s Create table for exchange

Analytic Views
• Moves business logic (Aggregations,
Hierarchies, Calculations) back into
database
• Simple SQL for complex analytic queries
– no joins or GROUP-BY clauses necessary
– navigate through hierarchies without re-
defining calculations
• Works on top of existing tables
– no persistent storage

New in 12.2 Approximate Query Processing
Not every query requires a completely accurate result
• 12.1.0.2 APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT • Approximate functions used without any

application changes
• 12.2.0.1 adds APPROX_PERCENTILE,
APPROX_MEDIAN – Queries automatically re-written to use
approximate functions
– Find the value for a given percentile, e.g. what
– approx_for_aggregation = TRUE
is the amount sold that represents the 90%
percentile of all sales
– 6-13X faster with error typically < 1%
• Store approximate aggregates in
materialized views with query rewrite
• Accuracy and error rate reporting for – Not previously possible to use MV’s with
approximate aggregation functions distinct and percentile aggregates

Property Graph
• Massively-Scalable Graph Database
– Scales to trillions of edges
• Memory-based Graph Analytics
– More than 35 graph analysis algorithms
• Simple Standard interfaces
– SQL, Java
– Tinkerpop: Blueprints, Gremlin, Rexster
– Groovy, Python

1990s 2000s 2010s
Client-Server Internet Cloud
Oracle 5, 6, 7, 8 Oracle 8i, 9i, 10g Oracle 11g, 12c
Scalability Row Level Locking, B-tree Indexes, Real Application Clusters, Exadata, Smart Flash, In-Memory DB,
Read Consistency, Parallel Server, Automatic Storage Management, IOTs Software-in-Silicon,
Shared Cursors, Shared Server Advanced Compression, Bitmap Indexes Native Database Sharding
Availability Transactions, Ref Integrity, Online Data Guard (Active), Recovery Manager, Zero Data Loss Recovery Appliance, Edition
Backup, Point-in-Time Recovery Flashback, Clusterware, Online DDL, TAF Based Redefinition, App. Cont.
Analytics Partitions, Parallel SQL, Optimizer Analytic Function, Data Mining, OLAP, MVs SQL Pattern Match, R, Big Data Appl
Security Privileges, Roles, Auditing, Network Data Encrypt, Masking, Virtual Private DB, Label Real Application Security, DB Firewall,
Encryption, Views Security, DB Vault, Audit Vault, PKI Privilege Analysis, Redaction, Key Vault
Developers SQL, Views, PL/SQL, Triggers, LOBs, Java in DB, Native XML, Table Functions, .Net, Native JSON, REST Services, Node.js,
Object Types, Spatial, Text PHP, App Express, SQL Developer RDF Social Graph, Network Graph
Management Enterprise Manager, v$, wait event Diagnostics, Tuning, Testing, Lifecycle Packs MultiTenant, DB & Exa Cloud, DB Appl
Integration DB Links, 2PC, Replication, AQ GoldenGate, XA Transaction,External Table Big Data SQL, Big Data Analytics

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OpenWorld 2016

Oracle Database 12c Release 2

Penny Avril, Dominic Giles

Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |

Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | 4

Performance Security Developers Management Availability

Performance Security Developers Management Availability

Stores Sales • Join Group specifies columns used

Create Join Group store_sales_jg

Performance Security Developers Management Availability

Performance Security Developers Management Availability

Performance Security Developers Management Availability

13% Improvement in workload throughput (for low compression)

Performance Security Developers Management Availability

Performance Security Developers Management Availability

Performance Security Developers Management Availability

Realm and Command

Integrated Production Activate New

Create DV profile Regression testing Devops/Patching Trusted path factors

Performance Security Developers Management Availability

OKV END OKV END OKV END

Performance Security Developers Management Availability

Performance Security Developers Management Availability

Case insensitive database Long Identifiers Globalization Support

Performance Security Developers Management Availability

Performance Security Developers Management Availability

Table containing JSON DataGuide Table enhanced with

Performance Security Developers Management Availability

• Allows developers to combine the ease of use of

• Full PL/SQL API

Performance Security Developers Management Availability

Performance Security Developers Management Availability

Performance Security Developers Management Availability

Performance Security Developers Management Availability

• PDBs per container increased from Pricing Retail

Hot Clone Developers

Pricing Retail CRM

– Online test master instantiation

– Relocate with no downtime

• PDBs share application objects

Performance Security Developers Management Availability

Performance Security Developers Management Availability

Customers • Native SQL for sharding tables across up to 1000 Shards

Performance Security Developers Management Availability

Performance Security Developers Management Availability

Oracle Database 12c Rapid Home Provisioning

Performance Security Developers Management Availability

More partition maintenance

operations now online

Performance Security Developers Management Availability

Performance Security Developers Management Availability

Machine Analysis of any type

Data of any type

Any data source

Performance Security Developers Management Availability

• Unified SQL language for all data sources

Performance Security Developers Management Availability

SALESTABLE(external) • External tables can be partitioned

Performance Security Developers Management Availability

Performance Security Developers Management Availability