Electric Charge and Static Electricity
Electric Charge and Static Electricity
Electric Charge and Static Electricity
A stationary
electrical charge that
is built up on the
surface of a material
Electric Charge
𝑞1 𝑥 𝑞2
F=k
𝑟2
Explanation:
F = Coulomb Force (N)
q = Charge (C)
r = distance (m)
k = konstanta (N𝑚2 /𝐶 2
Example
Two charge qA and qB are each +40 μC and +40 μC. Both are separated as far as 40 mm in
the air. The magnitude and direction of the electric force of both charges are
Answer:
−5 −5
9 2 2 4 𝑥 10 𝐶 𝑥 4 𝑥 10 𝐶
F = 9𝑥10 𝑁𝑚 /𝐶
(4 𝑥 10−2 𝑚)2
−10 𝐶 2
9 2 2 16 𝑥 10
F = 9𝑥10 𝑁𝑚 /𝐶 16 𝑥 10−4 𝑚2
F = 9𝑥103 𝑁
How Can You Charge Objects?
• There are 3 ways objects can be charged:
1. Friction
2. Conduction
3. Induction
**In each of these, only the electrons move. The protons stay in the
nucleus**
Friction
Ex.
If you use a cloth to rub a plastic ruler, electrons move from
the cloth to the ruler.
The ruler gains electrons and the cloth loses electrons.
Conduction
Ex.
• When something is
static, it is not moving.
• The charges of static
electricity do not move
away from the object
that they are in. So, the
object keeps its charge.
Sometimes,
electric
Sometimes, discharge
electric happens
discharge quickly.
happens
slowly. Ex. wearing
rubber-soled
Ex: static on shoes on
clothes carpet,
lightning
How Lightning Forms
Lightning
• Lightning usually strikes the highest point in a
charged area because that point provides the
shortest path for the charges to reach the ground.