Pharmacokinetics Variability
Pharmacokinetics Variability
Pharmacokinetics Variability
VARIABILITY
Kelompok 4
Arwinadiva Azwardi
M. Iqbal
Anngun Kemala Putri
Veny Wahyu Saputri
Yolanda Mayestika Wati
PHARMACOKINETICS VARIABILITY
Substrates
Undergo metabolism or transport
Inhibitors
Decrease the ability of the isozyme(s) or transporter
to metabolize or transport substrates
May also be substrates
Inducers
Increase the amount or ability of the isozyme(s) or
transporter to metabolize or transport substrates
May also be substrates
Drug Interactions
Maturity of kidney
Hepatic function
Attained at third week of life
Oxidative processes fairly develops.
Deficiency in conjugating enzymes.
Renal function
Newborns show 30 – 50% the renal activity of adults.
Geriatrics (more than 60 years old)
Variation in:
Quantitative: decline number of drug receptors.
Qualitative: a change in affinity
Absorption
Decline splanchnic blood flow
Reduce gastrointestinal motility
Reduced gastrointestinal surface
Distribution
Decrease albumin concentration
Decrease muscle mass
Increase body fat
Geriatrics (cont’)
Metabolism
Decrease enzymes
Chronic Diseases
Decline organ function (liver & kidney)
Decrease blood flow (cardiac failure)
Multiple drug used
Obese Patients
Actual body weight exceeds ideal body weight by
20%
Distribution
Smaller total body water (increase in fat)
Metabolism
Fatty infiltration of the liver affects the metabolism
processes
Excretion
Cardiovascular changes may affect renal blood flow
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