APA Citation Methods: Brought To You by The Center For Teaching and Learning
APA Citation Methods: Brought To You by The Center For Teaching and Learning
APA Citation Methods: Brought To You by The Center For Teaching and Learning
Short Quotations
If you are directly quoting from a work, you will need to include the
author, year of publication, and the page number for the reference
(preceded by "p."). Introduce the quotation with a signal phrase that
includes the author's last name followed by the date of publication in
parentheses.
According to Jones (1998), "Students often had difficulty using APA style, especially when it was
their first time" (p. 199).
Jones (1998) found "students often had difficulty using APA style" (p. 199); what implications does
this have for teachers?
If the author is not named in a signal phrase, place the author's last
name, the year of publication, and the page number in parentheses
after the quotation.
She stated, "Students often had difficulty using APA style" (Jones, 1998, p. 199), but she did not
offer an explanation as to why.
Long Quotations
Place direct quotations that are 40 words, or longer, in a free-standing
block of typewritten lines, and omit quotation marks. Start the
quotation on a new line, indented 1/2 inch from the left margin, i.e., in
the same place you would begin a new paragraph. Type the entire
quotation on the new margin, and indent the first line of any
subsequent paragraph within the quotation 1/2 inch from the new
margin. Maintain double-spacing throughout. The parenthetical
citation should come after the closing punctuation mark.
Jones's (1998) study found the following:
Students often had difficulty using APA style,
especially when it was their first time citing sources.
This difficulty could be attributed to the fact that many
students failed to purchase a style manual or to ask
their teacher for help. (p. 199)
Summary or Paraphrase
If you are paraphrasing an idea from another work,
you only have to make reference to the author and
year of publication in your in-text reference, but
APA guidelines encourage you to also provide the
page number (although it is not required.)
According to Jones (1998), APA style is a difficult citation format for first-
time learners.
APA style is a difficult citation format for first-time learners (Jones, 1998, p.
199).
Parenthetical Citations—
One Author
o Reference in text (when the text as a whole needs
to be cited)
oLastname (year of publication)
oRowling (2005) argues for the development of new curricula.
oD o n ’ t a b b r e v i a t e t h e n a m e s o f m o n t h s , e v e r .
Reference List—Online
Daily Newspaper
oSix major parts: author’s name, date of publication, title of
article and publication, and web address.
oLast name, first initial. (year, month day of publication). Title of
article. Title of publication. Retrieved date, from web address.
oForeman, R., Bennett, E., & Collins, T. (1999, February 16). In
forecasting their emotions, most people flunk out. The New York
Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com.
A DOI is a unique alphanumeric string assigned to identify content and provide a persistent link to its
location on the Internet.
The DOI may be hidden; viewing the original copy of the article usually shows the DOI.
Use this format for the DOI in references: doi:xxxxxxxxx
When a DOI is used, no further retrieval information is needed to identify or locate the content.
If no DOI has been assigned to the content, provide the home page URL of the journal or of the book
or report publisher.
Journal Article with DOI
Herbst-Damm, K. L., & Kulik, J. A. (2005). Volunteer support, marital status, and the survival
times of terminally ill patients. Health Psychology, 24, 225-229. doi: 10.1037/0278-6133.24.2.225
Journal Article with DOI, more than seven authors
Gilbert, D. G., McClernon, J. F., Rabinovich, N. E., Sugai, C., Plath, L. C., Asgaard, G., … Botros, N.
(2004). Effects of quitting smoking on EEG activation and attention last for more than 31 days and
are more severe with stress, dependence, DRD2 A1 allele, and depressive traits. Nicotine and
Tobacco Research, 6, 249-267. doi: 10.1080/14622200410001676305
Journal Article without DOI
Sillick, T. J., & Schutte, N. S. (2006). Emotional intelligence and self-esteem mediate between
perceived early parental love and adult happiness. E-Journal of Applied Psychology, 2(2), 38-48.
Retrieved from http://ojs.lib.swin.edu.au/index.php/ejap
Where do you locate the DOI?
American Association for Artificial Intelligence. (2001, March). Retrieved from http://www.aaai.org
Bernstein, B. J. Atomic diplomacy: Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Diplomatic History, 28 (3), 126-129.
Broadway, B. (2002). Pink houses and family taverns. Bloomington, IL: Indiana University Press.
Broadway, B., Carrol, L., Smith, T. (2007). How the lady sings. New York: Harper.
Broadway, B., et al. (2008). How the man sings. New York: Harper.
Crane, N. F. (2003, September). Anarchy at sea. Atlantic Monthly, 50-80.
Creation of the media: Political origins of the media. (1922). Los Angeles: Houghton-Mifflin.
Foreman, R., Bennett, E., & Collins, T. (1999, February 16). In forecasting their emotions, most people flunk out. The New
York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com
Gilbert, D. G., McClernon, J. F., Rabinovich, N. E., Sugai, C., Plath, L. C., Asgaard, G., … Botros, N. (2004). Effects of
quitting smoking on EEG activation and attention last for more than 31 days and are more severe with stress,
dependence, DRD2 A1 allele, and depressive traits. Nicotine and Tobacco Research, 6, 249-267. doi:
10.1080/14622200410001676305
Herbst-Damm, K. L., & Kulik, J. A. (2005). Volunteer support, marital status, and the survival times of terminally ill
patients. Health Psychology, 24, 225-229. doi: 10.1037/0278-6133.24.2.225
Jackson, G. (2004). Multiple historic meanings of the Spanish civil war. Science and Society, 68(3), 272-276. Retrieved
from the Lexis Nexis Academic database.
Kramer, C. F. (2003, June 22). A health threat baffling for its lack of a pattern. The New York Times, p. A14.
Sillick, T. J., & Schutte, N. S. (2006). Emotional intelligence and self-esteem mediate between perceived early parental love
and adult happiness. E-Journal of Applied Psychology, 2(2), 38-48. Retrieved from
http://ojs.lib.swin.edu.au/index.php/ejap
Tyson, P. A., & Gordon, M.G. (1998). The Psychology of women. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 46,
361-364.
Van Delay, A. (1994). Venetian blinds: Contemporary study of compulsive lying. New York: Pendant Publishing.
Van Delay, A. (1997). Seinfeld: The show about nothing. New York: Penguin Books.
Final Word on APA
oEach type of source requires specific formatting, both in text
and on the references list. This workshop covered the most
commonly used citations.
oThe information in this workshop was provided by The APA
Publication Manual (6th Ed).
oRefer to an APA handbook or www.apa.org for more information.
oContact the Center for Teaching and Learning at [email protected] or
217-206-6503 for further assistance.