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- Must and must not are used to express obligation or necessity, especially regarding rules and warnings. They are more formal than have/has to. - Have/has to and have/has got to are used to talk about future obligations or arrangements, with have/has got to being more informal. They can also express logical conclusions. - Needn't and don't have to express lack of necessity or obligation, with needn't being more formal. They are used when something is not required or obligatory. - Had better expresses strong recommendation to do something for one's own benefit, especially when urgency or demands are involved. It is used instead of should/ought to in some cases.

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18 views

Welcome To Our Presentation

- Must and must not are used to express obligation or necessity, especially regarding rules and warnings. They are more formal than have/has to. - Have/has to and have/has got to are used to talk about future obligations or arrangements, with have/has got to being more informal. They can also express logical conclusions. - Needn't and don't have to express lack of necessity or obligation, with needn't being more formal. They are used when something is not required or obligatory. - Had better expresses strong recommendation to do something for one's own benefit, especially when urgency or demands are involved. It is used instead of should/ought to in some cases.

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Welcome to our

presentation
Group 5 : Phan Nguyễn Nguyên Nhiên
Nguyễn Thị Quỳnh Ngân
Hồ Bảo Ngân
Phan Thị Bảo Ngọc
Hồ Châu Thanh Ngân
Need(n’t) , Must and
don’t need have (got)
to and to
don’t have
to

Should,
ought to
and had
better

Contents
1. Must usage
2. How can we use “Have got to” and have to”
3. Difference between “Must” and “Have got to”
1. MUST AND MUST NOT
• Must and must not are used in :
- Formal rules
- An official rule made by a government or some other authority (regulation)
- In warning
• Ex:
- Bookings must be made at least seven days before departure.
- The government must take stronger measure against deforestation in our country.
- You musn’t touch this button while the experiment is in progress.
* In spoken English :

• Must and must not (mustn’t) are used to talk about a future event that we have arranged
without making detailed plans.
• Ex :
-We must go on diet next time.
-We must get together more often.
• Must can also be used to remind yourself to do something
• Ex :
• I must finish my report by 9 p.m tonight.
• We use “Must” when we make a logical guess about some thing that happen in
The past : must + have + past participle
Ex:
- Mai left the school five minutes ago. She must have been on the way home.
The present : must be + -ing verb
Ex:
- She has been working all day long. She must be tired now.
Another way to make a conclusion at the current time : have (got) to be [used for informal
contexts]
Ex:
- She must be tired now = She has got to be tired now.
The future : must be going to + infinitive verb = must be + -ing verb:
Ex:
- She must be getting angry if she knows your lie. ( Or She must be going to get angry if…)

When we have strong evidence about a situation we can use


Must have to + infinitive verb for present tense
Must have had to for past tense
Ex:
- The restaurant mustn’t have to be any good. It’s always empty.
- She wasn’t answering the doorbell. She mustn’t have had to be at home.
2.How can we use “Have to” and “have got to”
Only “Have to” can be used with modal verbs:
• Ex: The restaurant mustn’t have to be any good. It’s always empty
Note : We don’t say must have (got) to but must have had to
If you use “have” in contraction (I’ve, she’s, etc) , “got” must be followed then.
Ex: We’ve got to miss the bus now.
We use “have to” with frequency adverbs :
Always, never, normally, rarely, sometime, etc.
Ex: He always has to go abroad for work all the time.

3. Difference between “Must” and “Have got to”?


We can use both “Have got to” and “Must” in questions (for a negative answer or
criticism) or in logical conclusions. However it will be more formal if you use “Must”
Ex:
- “Must we answer all the questions?” more formal than “Have we got to answer all the
questions?”
- “She must be tired now” more formal than She has got to be tired now.
Can use either Needn’t and Don’t have to:
- Unnecessary to do some thing
Ex: You needn’t ( don’t have to) buy food. We’re not hungry now.
- Something is not necessarily true:
Ex: You needn’t ( don’t have to have) a large of money to live happily.
Note: Don’t use “Mustn’t” in this way.

- The speaker who decides the lack of necessity:


Ex: As you worked late yesterday you needn’t come in until
ten tomorrow morning

- Somebody else or external rules make something


unecessary:
Ex: I have been told that I don’t have to do housework until
6 o’clock.
HAD BETTER
• USE:
- Instead of Should/ ought to -> we think it is a good idea to do
something
Ex: If you study well, you had better study aboard.
- Express particular urgency or in demands and threats:
Ex: Laura has been stolen the bag. We had better call the police.
• DON’T USE:
- Talk about the the past or that request confirmation or to make
general comments:
Ex: I don’t think students should use smart phone in the class.
• Note:
- None that negative form is had better not
- In questions the subject comes after had
Ex: - She had better not be late again or she’ll be in trouble.

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