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    Reflex Movement

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    Muqeet76
    Reflexes are automatic responses to stimuli that involve a reflex arc consisting of sensory and motor neurons. Reflexes maintain homeostasis and carry out actions like swallowing and sneezing. The simplest reflex arc involves sensory neurons that transmit signals to the spinal cord or brainstem, interneurons that relay signals, and motor neurons that trigger effectors like muscles. Examples of reflexes include the stretch reflex and Golgi tendon reflex in muscles. Posture is maintained through antigravity muscles and postural reflexes involving receptors in muscles, joints, and the vestibular system. The righting reflex uses vestibular signals to correct body orientation.

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    Reflex Movement

    Uploaded by

    Muqeet76
    69 views24 pages
    Reflexes are automatic responses to stimuli that involve a reflex arc consisting of sensory and motor neurons. Reflexes maintain homeostasis and carry out actions like swallowing and sneezing. The simplest reflex arc involves sensory neurons that transmit signals to the spinal cord or brainstem, interneurons that relay signals, and motor neurons that trigger effectors like muscles. Examples of reflexes include the stretch reflex and Golgi tendon reflex in muscles. Posture is maintained through antigravity muscles and postural reflexes involving receptors in muscles, joints, and the vestibular system. The righting reflex uses vestibular signals to correct body orientation.

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    Reflexes are automatic responses to stimuli that involve a reflex arc consisting of sensory and motor neurons. Reflexes maintain homeostasis and carry out actions like swallowing and sneezing. The simplest reflex arc involves sensory neurons that transmit signals to the spinal cord or brainstem, interneurons that relay signals, and motor neurons that trigger effectors like muscles. Examples of reflexes include the stretch reflex and Golgi tendon reflex in muscles. Posture is maintained through antigravity muscles and postural reflexes involving receptors in muscles, joints, and the vestibular system. The righting reflex uses vestibular signals to correct body orientation.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    69 views24 pages

    Reflex Movement

    Uploaded by

    Muqeet76
    Reflexes are automatic responses to stimuli that involve a reflex arc consisting of sensory and motor neurons. Reflexes maintain homeostasis and carry out actions like swallowing and sneezing. The simplest reflex arc involves sensory neurons that transmit signals to the spinal cord or brainstem, interneurons that relay signals, and motor neurons that trigger effectors like muscles. Examples of reflexes include the stretch reflex and Golgi tendon reflex in muscles. Posture is maintained through antigravity muscles and postural reflexes involving receptors in muscles, joints, and the vestibular system. The righting reflex uses vestibular signals to correct body orientation.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 24

    Reflex movement

    Reflexes are automatic, unconscious


    to changes, either inside or outside
    the body Reflexes maintain
    homeotasis (autonomic reflexes) –
    heart rate, breathing rate, bp,
    digestion.
    Reflexes also carry out the automatic
    actions of swallowing, sneezing,
    coughing, vomiting. Reflexes maintain
    balance and posture; e.g., spinal reflexes
    control trunk and limb muscles. Brain
    reflexes involve reflex center in
    brainstem; e.g ., reflexes for eye
    movement
    Reflex Arc:
    Nerve impulses follow nerve pathways as they
    travel through the nervous system. The
    simplest of these pathways, which include only
    a few neurons, is called the reflex arc. Reflexes
    whose arc passes through the spinal cord are
    called spinal reflexes..
    Sensory neuron – conveys the sensory
    info. to brain or spinal cord. a.
    Description: Dendrite, cell body, and axon
    of a sensory neuron. b. Function:
    transmit nerve impulses from the
    receptor into the brain or spinal cord.
    Parts of the Reflex Arc Receptor – detects the
    stimulus. a) Description: the receptor end of a
    particular dendrite or a specialized receptor
    cell in a sensory organ. b) Function: sensitive
    to a specific type of internal or external
    change
    Parts of the Reflex Arc 3. Interneuron:
    relay neurons. a. Description: dendrite,
    cell body, and axon of a neuron within
    the brain or spinal cord. b. Function:
    serves as processing center, conducts
    nerve impulses from the sensory neuron
    to a motor neuron
    4. Motor neuron: conduct motor output
    to the periphery. a. Description: Dendrite,
    cell body, and axon of a motor neuron. b.
    Function: transmits nerve impulse from
    the brain or spinal cord out to an effecter.
    Parts of the Reflex Arc 5. Effector: a.
    Description: a muscle or gland. b.
    Function: Response to stimulation by the
    motor neuron and produces the reflex or
    behavioral action.
    Stretch reflex

     Stretching the muscle activates the


    muscle spindle.
     Excites motor nerons of the spindle
    causes the stretched muscle to contract
    Afferent impulses from the spindle result
    in inhibition of the antagonist inhibition
    of the antagonist. Example: patellar
    reflex. Tapping the patellar tendon
    stretches the quadriceps and starts the
    reflex action. The quadriceps contract
    and the antagonistic hamstrings relax
    Stretch Reflex Golgi Tendon Reflex The
    opposite of the stretch reflex. Contracting
    the muscle activates the Golgi tendon
    organs. Afferent Golgi tendon neurons
    are stimulated, neurons inhibit the
    contracting muscle, and the antagonistic
    muscle is activated. As a result, the
    contracting muscle relaxes and the
    antagonist muscle contracts.
    What is posture?
    It is maintenance of upright position
    against gravity (center of body is needed
    to be between the legs) it needs
    antigarvity muscles
    Up-right posture need postural reflexes
    posture depends on muscle tone ( stretch
    reflex) ( basic postural reflex)
    Postural reflexs depends on the following
    receptors:
    1- vestibular apparatus receptors
    2- visual (vision)& auditory(hearing)
    receptors:- Vision can compensate for
    loss of auditory, vestibular &
    proprioception
    3-Proprioceptors of muscles , tendons ,
    ligaments & joints:-
    Proprioceptors
    1. Neck Proprioceptors: detect head position in
    relation to trunk
    2. Body Proprioceptors proprioceptors of anti-
    gravity muscles
    3. pressure receptors as in sole of feet initiate
    positive supporting reaction
    Stretch reflexes & postural reflexes can be
    modified by coordinated activity : Spinal
    cord , Medulla , Midbrain , Cerebral
    cortex , cerebellum
    Righting reflex

    The righting reflex, also known as the


    Labyrinthine righting reflex, is
    a reflex that corrects the orientation of
    the body when it is taken out of its
    normal upright position.
    It is initiated by the vestibular system, which
    detects that the body is not erect and causes
    the head to move back into position as the rest
    of the body follows.

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