Definition of Tourism

Definition of Tourist

Forms & Types of Tourism

 According to WTO, “Tourism is defined as the
activities of persons travelling to and staying in
places outside their usual environment for not more
than one consecutive year for leisure, business and
other purposes not related to the exercise of an
activity remunerated from within the place
visited.”

 According to Hunzikar and Krapf, “the sum of the

phenomena and relationship arising from the travel
and stay of non-residents, in so far as they do not
lead to permanent residence and are not connected
with any earning activity.”
 Jafri defines “tourism as the study of man away
from his usual habitat, of the industry which
responds to his needs and of the impacts that both
he himself and the industry have on the hosts’
socio cultural, economic and physical
environments.

 D. Pearch opines Conceptualizes tourism as an

“origin-linkage-destination system involving the
temporary movement of people from an origin to a
destination and usually back home again after at
least one overnight stay.”
 Tourism arises from a movement of people to,
and their stay in, various destinations.

 There are two elements in all tourism: journey

to the destination & the stay including activities
at the destination.

 The movement to destination is of temporary,

short-term, with the intention of returning to
the usual environment within a few days, weeks
or months.

 Destinations are visited for purposes other than

taking up permanent residence or employment
remunerated from within the places visited.
 Visitor: Any person visiting a country other than that in
which he has his usual place of residence for any reason
other than being interested in an occupation
remunerated from within the country visited.

 Excursionist: It is a temporary visitor staying for period

of less than 24 hrs in the country visited, including
travelers on the cruises. In fact the persons travelling
for the purpose of picnic comes under this category.

 Traveler: A traveler is a person who travels from one

place to another. It is a general term used for a person
who travels, irrespective of the purpose of travel,
distance travelled, or duration of stay. All tourists are
travelers/visitors but all travelers/visitors are not
tourists.
 Tourist is a temporary visitor staying for a period of
at least 24 hours in the country visited and the
purpose of whose journey can be classified under
one of the following heads:

A. Leisure (recreation, holiday, health, study,

religion & sport)

B. Business

C. Family, Friends & Relative

D. MICE
I. Persons arriving with or without a contact to
take up an occupation or engage in any
business activity in that country.

II. Residents in a frontier zone & persons

domiciled in one country.

III. Students & young persons in boarding

establishments of schools/colleges.

IV. Travellers passing through a country without

stopping, even if the journey takes more than
24 hours.
 Domestic & International tourism
 Inbound & Outbound tourism
 Pilgrimage or Religious tourism
 Cultural tourism
 Leisure tourism
 Rural tourism
 Eco-tourism
 Health / Medical tourism
 Adventure tourism
 Business tourism
 Special Interest tourism
 Individual & Group tours (FIT & GIT)
 Incentive travel
 Convention tourism (MICE)
 Education tourism
 Wild life tourism
 Domestic Tourism: It involves residents of a
country travelling within the borders of that
country. Exp: CCU – BOM

 International Tourism: It involves people

travelling one country to another country,
crossing national boarders or through
immigration check points. Int. tourists may be
inbound or outbound. Exp. CCU - SIN
 Domestic Tourism International Tourism

 Does not involve travel across  Does involve travel across the
the bounderies of country of bounderies of country of
usual residence. usual residence.

 Usually need travel

 Usually does not need travel documents like passport,
documents like passport, visa, visa, custom clearance etc.
custom clearance etc.
 International tourists
 Can adjust better with the normally require improved
local conditions and climate. local conditions.

 Leads to redistribution of  Brings in additional income in

income within country. terms of foreign exchange

 They can usually put up with  They may demand better

the existing infrastructure and facilities and services than
amenities. those existing at the
destination.
 Physical Motivators: These are related to physical rest
& relaxation, sport activities & health purposes.

 Cultural Motivators: These are identified by the desire

to know & learn about the cultures, lifestyles, folk art,
music, dance etc.

 Interpersonal Motivators: These are related to desire to

meet new people, VFR, seek new experiences. People
undertake travel simply to escape from their mundane
day to day routine.

 Status & prestige motivators: These are identified with

one’s personal esteem & status symbol. These also
include travel for business, education or pursuit of
hobbies.
1. Relaxation & refreshment of body and mind
2. Health
3. Pleasure
4. Curiosity & Culture
5. Interpersonal reasons
6. Spiritual purpose
7. Professional or business reason
 Relaxation &
refreshment
of body &
mind

Professional
Health
& Business

Travel
Motivators
Spiritual Pleasure

Interpersonal Curiosity &

reasons Culture
 Phychological Factor
 Social Factor
 Season & Climate
 Environmental Factors
 Awarness
 Accessibility
 Accommodation
 Attraction
 Aminities
 Activities
 Tourism means a journey from normal place of residence
to another place and staying in a rented accommodation
without engaging any remuneration work for at least 24
hrs and not more than 365 days.

 Tourism has been a major social phenomenon of societies

all over the world. It is driven by the natural urge of every
human being for new experiences, and the desire to be
both educated and entertained.

 Progress in air transport and development of tourist

facilities have encouraged people to venture beyond the
boundaries.

 The importance of tourism, as an instrument of economic

development and employment generation, particularly in
backward areas, has been well recognized the world over.
 Itis a large service industry globally in terms of
gross revenue as well as foreign exchange earnings.

 Tourism sector stimulates other economic sectors

like agriculture, horticulture, poultry, handicrafts,
transport, construction etc.

 The Foreign Exchange Earnings (FEE) from tourism

during 2009 was Rs. 54,960 crore as compared to
Rs. 50,730 crore during 2008, registering a growth
of 8.3%
 0.58 % share of world market

 Tourists (2009)
International 5.11 million (FTAs)
Domestic 650 million (563 in 2008 & 527 in 2007)

 Employment
Direct 10.7 million
Indirect 24.4 million
7.5% of the total employment in India

 Foreign Exchange Earnings (FEE)

US $ 11.39 billion or Rs. 54,960 crore

 Contribution to GDP
Direct 2 %
Overall 5.3 % Source: Annual Report, MOT, GOI
 Water: Ganga River, Teesta, Torsha, Jaldhaka,
Kaljani, Chilka lakes, Hirakud etc.

 Wildlife: Gorumara, Chapramari, Buxa,

Jaldapara, Hazaribagh, Sunderban, Simlipal,
Bhitarkanika, Badrama, Debrigarh, Betla etc.

 Beaches: Digha, Shankarpur, Mandarmoni,

Bakkhali, Junput, Puri, Chandipur, Gopalpur,
Chandrabhaga etc.

 Hill Station: Darjeeling, Kalimpong, Lava,

Lolegaon, Phalut, Sandakphu, Mirik, Kurseong,
Netarhat etc.

 Scenic Attraction: Rajabhatkhawa, Murti,

Malbazar, Chalsa, Samsing, Dassam Falls,
Hundru Falls, Jonha Falls, Hirni Falls,
Barehipani & Joranda, Badaghagra,
Sanaghagra, Khandadhar etc
 Archaeological sites: Bishnupur, Shibtala & Shyamarupa
mandir, Nalanda, Bodhgaya, Udaygiri etc.

 Historical Building & Monuments: Fort Willam, Gour, Hooghly

Imambara,

 Colonial Heritage: Victoria Memorial, St. John’s Church, St.

Thomas Church, Dalhousie Square, Metropolitan Building,
Marble Palace, Fort William, Eden Gardens, Howrah Bridge,

 Museums & Art Galleries: Indian Museums, Science City,

Ashutosh Museum, Birla Academy of art & culture, Academy of
Fine arts, Tagore House,

 Educational Institute: Durgapur, Kolkata, Bhubaneswar

 Religious places: Kalighat, Dakhineswar, Tarapith, Tarakeswar,

Bandel Church, Puri Jaganath, Lingaraja, Konarak,
Mukteswara, Rajarani, Khandagiri, Udaygiri, Ratnagiri, Vaisali,
Rajgir, Bodhgaya, Nalanda, Madhubani, Deogarh, Gaya,
Pawapuri, Deogarh, Giridhi etc.
 Fairs & Festivals: Pous Mela, Kolkata
Book Fair, Joydev mela (Kenduli),
Durga puja, Kali puja, Jagadhatri
puja, Rath Yatra, Dussera, Sonepur
Mela, Chhath, Konarak festival etc.

 Arts & Handicrafts: Sculpture,

Garments, Pottery, Grasses & Wood,
Plaster & Papier Mache, Stone &
Theatre Craft, Lacquer, Metal,
Santhal & Saora Paintings etc.

 Classical Dance: Odissi,

 Folk Dance: Chhau, Brita, Dalkhai,

Goti Puas etc.
 Amusement & Recreation Parks: Nicco Park, Nalban,
Aqutica, Citizen’s park, Science city, Nandan Kanan,
Krishna Sayar,

 Sporting Events: Cricket (Eden garden), Football

(Yuva Bharti Kirangan, Bhakat Singh Stadium), Table
Tennis (Netaji Indoor stadium), Golf, Rock climbing,
Mountaineering, Trekking, River Boat racing,
Swimming, Athletics etc. (Kolkata, Bhubaneswar,
Durgapur, Ayodhya, Susunia, Patna)

 Zoos: Alipur (Kolkata),

 Cinemas & Theatre: 89 cinemas, Globe, Inox, New

Empire, Nandan etc.

 Night life: Tantra, Dublin, Incognito, Shisha

 Shopping Venue: New market, City centre, Swabhumi,

South city mall, Dakshinapan, Patna etc.
 Bengali Food Restaurants: Aaheli, Bhajohari Manna, Kasturi,
Kewpie’s, Suruchi,

 Muglai Food Restaurants: Aminia, Arsalam, Kadai, New Aliah,

Peshawari, Rahmania, Sabir’s, Shiraz, Tarka,

 Italian Food & Pizza parlors: Domino’s, Don Giovanni’s, La Cucina,

Pizza hut, The Hub

 Multicuisine Restaurants: Amber, Ambrosia, Banzara, Bawarchi,

Bedwin, Blue Fox, Charnok’s, Copper Chimney, Copper Grill, Evelyn,
Kwality, Marco Polo, Oasis, Princess, Sourav’s, Veda, Vibgyor,

 Punjabi Restaurants: Azad Hind Dhaba, Dilli Darbar, Golden Harvest,

Golden Spoon, Saffron,

 Thai Restaurants: Baan Thai, Ar-Han-Thai, Twinkle Fung Shway,

 Tibetan Restaurants: Momo Plaza,

 Chinese Restaurants: Beijing, China Bistro, China Bowl, China Moon,

Chung Wah, Golden Dragon, Hong Kong, Kim Ling, Oriental,