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    Univariate/Bi Variate Analysis

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    jbsimha3629
    This document discusses univariate and bivariate analysis and basic graphics in R. It covers accessing and subsetting data, creating histograms, boxplots, scatterplots, and line plots. It also demonstrates how to add titles, labels, colors, legends, and panel multiple graphs.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Univariate/Bi Variate Analysis

    Uploaded by

    jbsimha3629
    29 views32 pages
    This document discusses univariate and bivariate analysis and basic graphics in R. It covers accessing and subsetting data, creating histograms, boxplots, scatterplots, and line plots. It also demonstrates how to add titles, labels, colors, legends, and panel multiple graphs.

    Original Description:

    2.Variable Analysis

    Original Title

    2.Variable Analysis

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    This document discusses univariate and bivariate analysis and basic graphics in R. It covers accessing and subsetting data, creating histograms, boxplots, scatterplots, and line plots. It also demonstrates how to add titles, labels, colors, legends, and panel multiple graphs.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    29 views32 pages

    Univariate/Bi Variate Analysis

    Uploaded by

    jbsimha3629
    This document discusses univariate and bivariate analysis and basic graphics in R. It covers accessing and subsetting data, creating histograms, boxplots, scatterplots, and line plots. It also demonstrates how to add titles, labels, colors, legends, and panel multiple graphs.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 32

    Univariate/Bi variate

    analysis
    Working with data.
    • Accessing columns.
    • D has our data in it…. But you can’t see it directly.
    • To select a column use D$column.
    Working with data.
    • Subsetting data.
    • Use a logical operator to do this.
    • ==, >, <, <=, >=, <> are all logical operators.
    • Note that the “equals” logical operator is two = signs.
    • Example:
    • D[D$Gender == “M”,]
    • This will return the rows of D where Gender is “M”.
    • Remember R is case sensitive!
    • This code does nothing to the original dataset.
    • D.M <- D[D$Gender == “M”,] gives a dataset with
    the appropriate rows.
    Basic Graphics
    • Histogram
    • hist(D$wg)
    Basic Graphics
    • Add a title…
    • The “main” statement will
    give the plot an overall
    heading.
    • hist(D$wg ,
    main=‘Weight Gain’)
    Basic Graphics
    • Adding axis labels…
    • Use “xlab” and “ylab” to
    label the X and Y axes,
    respectively.
    • hist(D$wg , main=‘Weight
    Gain’,xlab=‘Weight
    Gain’, ylab
    =‘Frequency’)
    Basic Graphics
    • Changing colors…
    • Use the col statement.
    • ?colors will give you help
    on the colors.
    • Common colors may
    simply put in using the
    name.
    • hist(D$wg,
    main=“Weight
    Gain”,xlab=“Weight
    Gain”, ylab
    =“Frequency”,
    col=“blue”)
    Basic Graphics – Colors
    Basic Plots
    • Box Plots
    • boxplot(D$wg)
    Boxplots
    • Change it!
    • boxplot(D$wg,main='Weigh
    t Gain',ylab='Weight
    Gain (lbs)')
    Box-Plots - Groupings
    • What if we want several box plots side by side to be
    able to compare them.
    • First Subset the Data into separate variables.
    • wg.m <- D[D$Gender=="M",]
    • wg.f <- D[D$Gender=="F",]
    • Then Create the box plot.
    • boxplot(wg.m$wg,wg.f$wg)
    Boxplots – Groupings
    Boxplots - Groupings

    boxplot(wg.m$wg, wg.f$wg, main='Weight Gain (lbs)',


    ylab='Weight Gain', names = c('Male','Female'))
    Boxplot Groupings
    • Do it by shift
    • wg.7a <- D[D$Shift=="7am",]
    • wg.8a <- D[D$Shift=="8am",]
    • wg.9a <- D[D$Shift=="9am",]
    • wg.10a <- D[D$Shift=="10am",]
    • wg.11a <- D[D$Shift=="11am",]
    • wg.12p <- D[D$Shift=="12pm",]
    • boxplot(wg.7a$wg, wg.8a$wg, wg.9a$wg,
    wg.10a$wg, wg.11a$wg, wg.12p$wg, main='Weight
    Gain', ylab='Weight Gain (lbs)', xlab='Shift',
    names =
    c('7am','8am','9am','10am','11am','12pm'))
    Boxplots Groupings
    Scatter Plots
    • Suppose we have two variables and we wish to see
    the relationship between them.
    • A scatter plot works very well.
    • R code:
    • plot(x,y)
    • Example
    • plot(D$metmin,D$wg)
    Scatterplots
    Scatterplots

    plot(D$metmin,D$wg,main='Met Minutes vs. Weight Gain',


    xlab='Mets (min)',ylab='Weight Gain (lbs)')
    Scatterplots

    plot(D$metmin,D$wg,main='Met Minutes vs. Weight Gain',


    xlab='Mets (min)',ylab='Weight Gain (lbs)',pch=2)
    Line Plots
    • Often data comes through time.
    • Consider Dell stock
    • D2 <- read.csv("H:\\Dell.csv",header=TRUE)
    • t1 <- 1:nrow(D2)
    • plot(t1,D2$DELL)
    Line Plots
    Line Plots

    plot(t1,D2$DELL,type="l")
    Line Plots

    plot(t1,D2$DELL,type="l",main='Dell Closing Stock Price',


    xlab='Time',ylab='Price $'))
    Overlaying Plots
    • Often we have more than one variable measured
    against the same predictor (X).
    • plot(t1,D2$DELL,type="l",main='Dell Closing
    Stock Price',xlab='Time',ylab='Price $'))
    • lines(t1,D2$Intel)
    Overlaying Graphs
    Overlaying Graphs

    lines(t1,D2$Intel,lty=2)
    Overlaying Graphs
    Adding a Legend
    • Adding a legend is a bit tricky in R.
    • Syntax
    • legend( x, y, names, line types)

    X
    coordinate
    Y Names of Corresponding
    series in line types
    coordinate
    column
    format
    Adding a Legend

    legend(60,45,c('Intel','Dell'),lty=c(1,2))
    Paneling Graphics
    • Suppose we want more than one graphic on a
    panel.
    • We can partition the graphics panel to give us a
    framework in which to panel our plots.
    • par(mfrow = c( nrow, ncol))

    Number of Number of columns


    rows
    Paneling Graphics
    • Consider the following
    • par(mfrow=c(2,2))
    • hist(D$wg, main='Histogram',xlab='Weight Gain',
    ylab ='Frequency', col=heat.colors(14))
    • boxplot(wg.7a$wg, wg.8a$wg, wg.9a$wg, wg.10a$wg,
    wg.11a$wg, wg.12p$wg, main='Weight Gain',
    ylab='Weight Gain (lbs)',
    • xlab='Shift', names =
    c('7am','8am','9am','10am','11am','12pm'))
    • plot(D$metmin,D$wg,main='Met Minutes vs. Weight
    Gain', xlab='Mets (min)',ylab='Weight Gain
    (lbs)',pch=2)
    • plot(t1,D2$Intel,type="l",main='Closing Stock
    Prices',xlab='Time',ylab='Price $')
    • lines(t1,D2$DELL,lty=2)
    Paneling Graphics

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