United in Diversity

UNITED IN DIVERSITY
 Establishin1nov 1993.
 Present member nations-27
 Anthem-Ode of joy
 Official language-23
 Europian council- Fredrik Reinfeldt
 Parliament- Jerzy Buzek
 Political centres-Brussels Luxembourg,Strasbourge
 World ‘s 7th population,490 million,Den-114/km square
 Area –total 4,324,782km square
 30% of global GDP
 50%of worldwide office development assistance
• Shared values: liberty, democracy, respect for human rights and
fundamental freedoms, and the rule of law.
• Largest economic body in the world.
• World’s most successful model for advancing peace and democracy.
• A unique institution – Member States voluntarily cede national sovereignty
in many areas to carry out common policies and governance.
• Not a super-state to replace existing states, nor just an organization for
international cooperation.
• World’s most open market for goods and commodities from developing
countries
 Hybrid system of Supernationalism and intergoverrnmentalism.
 Actually it was established in 1951.
 It is an economic & political union.
 Develops as a single market with standard sys.
 A fair economic competition among nations.
 Single currency for all member nation(Eurozone).
 In 1951 ,6 countiries formed a group named as Europian coal & steel community. These are
Belgium,France,Italy,Luxembourg,The Netherlands and West Germany.
 In 1973,community include Denmark,Ireland, and UK.
 In1981,Greece joined the community.
 In 1986 Spain & Portugal.
 In 1990 East Germany became a part of org.
 1995,Austria,Sweden and Finland joined.
 In 2004,a biggest enlargement occurred with
Malta,Cyprus,Slovenia,Estonia,Latvia,Lithuania,Poland,The Czech Republic,Slovakia,and
Hungary.
 On Jan 2007 Romania and Bulgaria became the newest member of EU
Treaty of the European Union (TEU)
Article 49 of the TEU:
Any European State which respects the principles set out in Article 6(1) may
apply to become a member of the Union.
Article 6 of the TEU:

The Union is founded on the principles of liberty, democracy, respect for
human rights and fundamental freedoms, and the rule of law, principles
which are common to the Member States.
Copenhagen act - June, 1993
1) Political criteria (enshrined in the TEU, article 6)
The applicant country must have achieved stability of its institutions guaranteeing
democracy, the rule of law, human rights and respect for and protection of minorities.
2) Economic criteria
 Functioning market economy
 Capacity to cope with competitive pressure and market forces within the EU.
3) Acquis adoption and implementation criteria

Ability to take on the obligations related to membership, including adherence to the
aims of political, economic and monetary union, and to implement them efficiently
and effectively.
 The EU’s capacity to absorb new members
 In 18 april 1951,Paris treaty established for formation of Europian coal
and steel community with 6 countries.
 In 25 march1957 six countries signed the treaties of Rome which
extended the earlier cooperation within the EC & SE and establishing the
EEC as a customs union and EURATOM.
 In 1967 Merger treaty created to creat single set of institution as EC.
 1n 1979 first direct election held EU parliament was established.
 In 1995 Schengen agreement –open border without passport.
 1986 ,EU flag began .
 1990 ,fall of iron curtain.
 1 nov 1993 Maastricht treaty enforced.
 13 dec 2007Lisbon treaty signed.
 1n 2002 Euro notes and coins replaced old currencies.(12 countries).
 1 jan 2009 Slovakia joined the Eurozone.
 June 2008 Lisbon treaty rejection.
 In 1999, the euro area was established as a currency in eleven of the then
fifteen EU Member States.
 Of the 27 EU Member States today, fifteen have adopted the euro.
 One of the striking benefits of a single European currency are low interest
rates due to a high degree of price stability.
 The euro is as stable and credible as the best-performing currencies

previously used in the euro area countries.
 European Parliament
 Council of the European Union.
 European Commission
 Court of Justice of the European Communities.
 European Court of Auditors
 European Ombudsman
 European Data Protection Supervisor.
 European Central Bank.
 European Investment Bank
 European Investment Fund
 European Economic and Social Committee
 Committee of the Regions
 Peace & Security
 Counterterrorism & Homeland Security
 Democracy & Human Right Development Assistance & Humanitarian
Relief
 Trade
 Environmental Protection
 Partners in Global Leadership
 EU agriculture policy.
 Fisheries policy
 Competition Policy,
 Implemented at both the national and European.
 Integrated Guidelines Package'.
 Developments in each Member State and the EU on the basis of various reports by DG ECFIN on
behalf of the Commission.
 Encouraging more growth and more jobs.
 The close and growing economic links between Member States.
 Financing of investment in European enterprises.
 Financial operations and instruments in support of EU policies
 External trade.

total expenditure
agriculture46.7% structural action30.4%
compensation 1% administration6.3%
ext. action 4.9% pre-accession strategy 2.1%
reserve 0.1%
 EU promotes stability, prosperity, democracy and human rights, delivers concrete
development.
 EU and U.S. work together to develop international standards.
 EU and its Member States are helping restore peace and stability in Afghanistan.
 EU and U.S. work together in the Middle East Quartet to advance the peace process.
 EU and U.S. together account for 40% of total global trade (more than $1.5 billion
in transatlantic trade every day).
 The $3 trillion EU-U.S. transatlantic economy employs 14 million workers on both
sides of the Atlantic.
 In 2005, Europe accounted for roughly two-thirds of total global investment flows
into the U.S. – by far the most significant source of foreign investment in the U.S.
economy.
 Grants according to Article 133 of the EC Treaty towards non member
countries.
 Grants on fighting against terrorism.
 External Aid
 Humanitarian Aid
 Public Health
 Research and Innovation
 Each year, an annual work programme is adopted by the Commission.
 Sport
 Freedom, Security and Justice
 Euroscepticism is a general term used to describe opposition and criticism of
the European Union (EU), and the process of European integration .
 A Eurobarometer survey of EU citizens in 2009 showed that support for
membership of the EU was lowest in Latvia , the United Kingdom , and
Hungar .
 Opposition to the European Union exists throughout the political spectrum
 Absence of individual domestic monetary policy to combat macroeconomic
shocks.
 Inability of an individual country to use inflation to reduce public debt in real
term.
 The transition from individual currencies to a single currency which lead to
speculative attacks.
 Each participating EC loses the use of monetary policy & use of exchange rate
LAF.

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UNITED IN DIVERSITY

Article 6 of the TEU:

3) Acquis adoption and implementation criteria

 Of the 27 EU Member States today, fifteen have adopted the euro.

 The euro is as stable and credible as the best-performing currencies

agriculture46.7% structural action30.4%

ext. action 4.9% pre-accession strategy 2.1%

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