Geothermal PPT For Presentation)

GEOTHERMAL
ENERGY
Prepared by :-
Anil Kumar Verma
Geothermal Energy
--- a renewable energy source for electricity generation ---
Introduction
• Geothermal energy is the earth’s natural heat available
inside the earth.
• This thermal energy contained in the rock and fluid that
filled up fractures and pores in the earth’s crust can
profitably be used for various purposes.
• Geothermal energy is an enormous, underused heat and
power resource that is clean (emits little or no greenhouse
gases), reliable (average system availability of 95%), and
homegrown (making us less dependent on foreign oil).
History
• Paleo-American Indians used hot springs in this area

• Hot Springs, Arkansas had $1 hot baths in 1830
• First electricity (20kW) from geothermal produced from
natural steam in Larderello, Italy in 1904 [Kruger, 1973]
• New Zealand’s north island gets 6% of its electricity from
geothermal energy
• 1920: test boring in Niland CA
• 1922: electricity generation in The Geysers
• 1950: 95°F, 220kW generating plant in Katanga
• The Geysers CA expanded to 600MW in 1975
Where Is Geothermal Energy
Found?
• What does geothermal energy look like? Some visible

features of geothermal energy are volcanoes, hot springs,
geysers, and fumaroles.
• But you cannot see most geothermal energy. Usually
geothermal energy is deep underground.
• There may be no clues above ground to what exists below
ground.
The structure of the earth
• The heat contained within the earth would cover our
present world energy need for 30 million years. When you
look at the temperature in and on Earth you can see that
99% of the planet has a temperature over 1000°C, while
only 0.1% of the earth is cooler than 100°C.
Applications
…
1. Space/District Heating: Schemes utilizing geothermal heat
provide over 80% of the central heating needs of Reykjavik
city in Iceland and are employed in many towns in USA,
Poland and Hungary.
2. Agriculture and Aquaculture: In temperate and colder
climates, greatly improved plant and fish growth can be
achieved by heating soils, greenhouses and fish ponds using
geothermal heat.
3. Power Generation: With over 8000 MW of installed

capacity, geothermal electric power generation is a well-
proven technology that has been especially successful in
countries and islands that have a high reliance on imported
fossil fuels (World Bank Group, 2004).
Extraction & uses
 The heat energy can be brought to earth surface by
following ways..
 directly from hot springs/ geysers
 geothermal heat pump
 Uses are broadly classified as:-

direct use
indirect use
Direct use of Geothermal Energy
 Hot springs, used as spas.
 Heating water at fish farms.
 Provide heat for buildings.
 Raising plants in greenhouses,
drying crops.
 Provides heat to
industrial processes.
Indirect use of Geothermal Energy
 Electricity Generation:
Electricity Generation (cont.)
There are 3 types of power plants:-
 Dry steam power plant

Flash steam power plant
Binary cycle power plant
Dry Steam power plant
Dry Steam power plant (cont.)
 The oldest type of Geothermal power plant used.

 Geothermal reservoir containing pure steam is required.
 Pure dry steam drives turbine.
 Very rare type of geothermal power plant.
 Operating at California, Italy, and Japan.
Flash steam power plant
Flash steam power plant (cont.)
 Commonly used geothermal power plant.
 Geothermal reservoirs containing both hot water & steam
is required.
 Pressure changing system is required.
 Operating at Hawaii, Nevada, Utah & some other places
Binary cycle power plant
Binary cycle power plant (cont.)
 Does not use steam directly to spin turbines.
 Only the heat of the underground water is used.
 Vapourized hydrocarbons are used to spin the turbine.
 Hydrocarbons having lower boiling point such
as isopentane, isobutane and propane can be used.
 No harmful gas is emitted to the atmosphere because the
underground water is never disclosed to outside.
 This’s the worldwide accepted power plant.
Cost
 Direct use of geothermal energy is absolutely cheaper than
other energy sources.
 Cost of electricity generation depends upon certain factors:

• Temperature and depth of resource
• Type of resource (steam, liquid, mix)
• Available volume of resource
• Size and technology of plant
Geothermal Energy and the
Environment
• Geothermal energy is a renewable energy source that

does little damage to the environment.
• Geothermal steam and hot water do contain naturally
occurring traces of hydrogen sulfide (a gas that smells
like rotten eggs) and other gases and chemicals that
can be harmful in high concentrations.
Global Status and Potential
• Geothermal energy is used widely in Iceland, the

Philippines, Italy, Indonesia, Mexico, New Zealand,
Japan and China. Iceland relies on geysers as its primary
source of heat.
• The United States is the world's largest producer of
geothermal electricity with 2,800 MW in service.
Geothermal Energy in India
Geothermal Energy in India (cont)
 Geothermal energy are estimated to produce 10,000 MW
of power (experts are confident only to the extent of 100
MW)
 In India exploration and study of geothermal fields started
in 1970
 The GSI has identified puga valley as major spot for
geothermal energy
 Geothermal provinces in India: the Himalayas, Sohana, West
coast, Cambay, Son-Narmada-Tapi , Godavari, and Mahanadi
 First operational commercial geothermal power plant is
likely to come up in AP with a capacity of 25 MW by
Geosyndicate Pvt Ltd.
Challenges
• Geothermal energy can only be used in areas where the

earth's crust is thin and the steam or hot water sources are
close to the surface.
• Sometimes the hot water that is pumped to the surface
contains pollutants such as sulphur, which must be
removed before using in a power plant.
Advantages
 Available all the year around.
 Does not involve any combustion of fuel.
 Independent of weather
 Clean Resource – Very little emissions or
overall environmental impact.
 Economically Sound Alternative – The fuel is
free, rate / KWh likely to be competitive
 Overall, geothermal energy is a sustainable
resource.
Disadvantages
 High installation cost
 Greenhouse gas below earth
surface can migrate to the suface
of the earth.
 Construction of geothermal
power plants can affect the
stability of land.
 Can run out of steam
 Transportation
 Earthquakes
Conclusion
 Geothermal heating system can replace fossil fuel heating
system in a particular area.
 Annual costs for common heating purposes can be reduced
by more than 60%.
 Continued energy shortages have created added interest in
geothermal energy for power generation.
 Potential exists to provide all energy requirements in the
U.S
 Geothermal energy appears to be a partial solution to our
energy needs.
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GEOTHERMAL

• Paleo-American Indians used hot springs in this area

• What does geothermal energy look like? Some visible

3. Power Generation: With over 8000 MW of installed

 Uses are broadly classified as:-

 Dry steam power plant

 The oldest type of Geothermal power plant used.

 Cost of electricity generation depends upon certain factors:

• Geothermal energy is a renewable energy source that

• Geothermal energy is used widely in Iceland, the

• Geothermal energy can only be used in areas where the

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