Present Perfect
Present Perfect
Present Perfect
Form
S + HAVE / HAS + V-en (past participle)
ST ← O/RT
Perfect/Perfective
Meaning
Perfect/perfective structure consists of two items:
- operator: have
- tense
- other elements of the sentence (adverbials expressing
time)
- context
Perfect/Perfective
Meaning
The common factor of meaning brought by
PERFECT/PERFECTIVE to all these examples is
ANTERIORITY to an O/RT
I have already met your sister.
Axis of past
OT = then (= was) (OT ← t0)
to have missed
Perfect/Perfective
Meaning
She regrets having abandoned the plan.
O/RT = t0
- for
- since
- how long
PP- USES
2. Indefinite EVENTS in a period leading up to the present
Have you heard the news? / Did you hear the news?
The president has resigned.
Usual mistake
*We’ll ring you as soon as he will come back.
Some other uses of Present Perfect
3) The verb be can be used in the present tense form
with a present perfect meaning when it expresses
time.
Signal words:
1) Present Perfect (Simple)
how often
how many (times)
2) Present Perfect Progressive
how long
since
for