An Introduction To Marketing
An Introduction To Marketing
An Introduction To Marketing
MARKETING
Mrs Namrata Kishnani
DEFINATION :
“MEETING NEEDS PROFITABLY.”
American Marketing Association (AMA) :
Marketing is an organizational function and a set
of processes for creating, communicating, and
delivering value to customers and for managing
customer relationships in ways that benefit the
organization and its stakeholders.
“A social and managerial process whereby
individuals and groups obtain what they need
and want through creating and exchanging
products and value with others.” Dr. Philip
Kotler
• It is the process of planning and executing the conception,
pricing, promotion and distribution of ideas, goods and services to
create exchanges that satisfy individual and organizational goals.
• Marketing is an art and science
• Finance, operations accounting , production and other functions
will not really matter if there is no sufficient demand for the
products and services.
• The aim of marketing is to know and understand the customer so
well that the product or service fits him and sells itself.
KEY CUSTOMER MARKETS
•Consumer markets
•Business markets
•Global markets
•Non profit organizations
C
• Needs and Wants Needs are basic human requirements.
• Wants are needs directed to specific objects/services that might satisfy
the need.
• Demand This is the wants for specific products backed by an ability
to pay. •
Marketers should try to shape the wants. Many customers don't know
what they want when the product is new, concept or service is new. So
companies help the customers to learn what they want.
• E.g. chips, soft drinks are the party food, chocolates for celebrations,
diet food product, fitness and weight loss programs etc.
• Exchange is a value creating process each party gets something
(product /service) by offering something in return.
• It leaves both parties better off (win – win situation)
Eg : kind (barter) or money (value )
• Transaction A transaction is an exchange between two things of
value on agreed conditions i.e . time and place of agreement. •
CHANGES IN MARKETING AND
BUSINESS
Technology
Globalization
Deregulation
Privatization
Customer empowerment
Customization
High competition
Industry convergence
Retail transformation
Disintermediation
FOUR THEMES OF HOLISTIC
MARKETING
1.Relationship Marketing
• Building long term mutually satisfying relations
with customers, suppliers, distributors in order to
retain their long term preference and business
2.Integrated Marketing
• Product, Price, Place, Promotion • 4 C’s – Customer
solution, Cost, Convenience, Communication
3.Internal Marketing
• Marketing Department • Senior Management •
Other departments
.
4. Socially Responsible Marketing
. Ethics • Environment • Legal • Community
5. Societal marketing Concept
• Organization’s tasks is to determine the needs,
wants and interests of target markets and to
deliver the desired satisfactions more effectively
and efficiently than competitors in a way that
preserves or enhances the consumer’s and the
society’s well being.
MARKETING AND CUSTOMER
VALUE
Value Combination of quality , service n price .
Value = Benefits/Costs
Benefits = Functional Benefits + Emotional benefits
Costs = Monetary costs + Time + Energy + Psychic
Offer should contain value for the product.
Value Creation and Delivery process
sequence Choose the value “homework” marketer
must do before the product exists.
Traditionally Make (design procure make )
and Sell (price sell advertise distribute service )
product now ,
VALUE DELIVERY PROCESS
Choose value ( strategic marketing)
1. Customer segmentation
2. Market selection focus
3. Value positioning
Providing the value (tactical marketing)
1. Product development
2. Service development
3. Pricing
4. Distribution
Communicating the value
1. Sales force
2. Sales promotion
3. Advertising
THE VALUE CHAIN (MICHAEL
PORTER)
• A tool for identifying ways to create more
customer value .
The primary activities
i. Bringing materials to the business (inbound
logistics)
ii. Converting them into final products (operations)
iii. Shipping out final products (outbound logistics)
iv. Marketing them (marketing and sales)
v. Provide services
THE SUPPORT ACTIVITIES
i. Procurement
ii. Technology development
iii. Human resource management
iv. Firm infrastructure
VALUE IN HOLISTIC MARKETING
Value exploration How can a company identify
new value opportunities?
Relationship between:
1. customer’s cognitive space,
2. company’s competence space and
3. collaborator’s resource space
Value creation How can a company differently
and efficiently create more promising new value
offerings?
1. Identify customer’s benefits and needs
2. Utilize core competencies from business domain
3. Select & manage business partners from its
collaborative networks
Business realignment:
1. Redefine business concept
2. Reshape business scope
3. Reposition company’s brand identity
Value delivery How can a company use its
capabilities and infrastructure to deliver the
new value offerings more efficiently?
4. Customer relationship management
5. Internal resource management
6. Business partnership management
STRATEGIC PLANNING
To create , provide and communicate value to
customers proper planning is paramount .
A game plan for achieving company’s long term
objectives.
Key areas :
• Managing company’s business as an
investment portfolio
• Assessing each business that market.
• Establishing a strategy
Planning
• Corporate planning
• Division planning
• Business planning
• Product planning
Implementation
• Organizing
• Implementing
Control
• Measuring results
•Diagnosing results
•Taking corrective actions
MARKETING PLAN
• A marketing plan is the central instrument for
directing and coordinating the marketing efforts.
• The strategic marketing plan lays out the
target markets and the value proposition that
will be offered based on an analysis of the best
market opportunities.
• The tactical marketing plan specifies the
marketing tactics including product features,
promotion, merchandising ,pricing ,sales
channels and service.
CONTENTS OF THE MARKETING
PLAN
1. Executive summary and table of content. Brief
summary of main goals
2. Situation analysis Data on sales, costs, the
market competitors and the various forces in the
microenvironment. How is market defined, how big
it is, how fast it is growing?
3. Marketing strategy (porter’s generic strategy ,
Ansoff matrix)
4. Financial projections Sales forecast an expense
forecast and break even analysis.
5. Implementation controls Review of each period’s
results, steps to be taken in response to specific
environmental developments such as price wars.
NATURE OF MARKETING PLAN
• It summarizes what the marketer has learned
about the marketplace and indicated how the
firm plans to reach its marketing objectives.
• It contains tactical guidelines for marketing
programs and financial allocations over the
planning period.
OBJECTIVES OF THE MARKETING
PLAN
• Acts as a roadmap
• Assist in management control and monitoring
the implementation strategy
• Informs new participants in the plan of their
role and function
• To obtain resources for implementation
• To stimulate thinking and make better use of
resources.
IMPLICATIONS OF MARKETING
• Who are our existing/potential customers?
• What are their current/future needs?
• How can we satisfy these needs/
• Can we offer a product/service that the
customer would value?
• Can we communicate with our customers?
• Can we deliver a competitive product or
service?
• Why should customers buy from us?