The moment of inertia measures an object's resistance to changes in rotation around an axis. It is calculated as the sum of the masses of each part of the object multiplied by their distance squared from the rotation axis. For simple shapes like rods, disks, spheres, and cylinders, the moment of inertia can be calculated through integration. The parallel axis theorem and perpendicular axis theorem allow calculating the moment of inertia when the axis of rotation is not through the object's center of mass.
The moment of inertia measures an object's resistance to changes in rotation around an axis. It is calculated as the sum of the masses of each part of the object multiplied by their distance squared from the rotation axis. For simple shapes like rods, disks, spheres, and cylinders, the moment of inertia can be calculated through integration. The parallel axis theorem and perpendicular axis theorem allow calculating the moment of inertia when the axis of rotation is not through the object's center of mass.
The moment of inertia measures an object's resistance to changes in rotation around an axis. It is calculated as the sum of the masses of each part of the object multiplied by their distance squared from the rotation axis. For simple shapes like rods, disks, spheres, and cylinders, the moment of inertia can be calculated through integration. The parallel axis theorem and perpendicular axis theorem allow calculating the moment of inertia when the axis of rotation is not through the object's center of mass.
The moment of inertia measures an object's resistance to changes in rotation around an axis. It is calculated as the sum of the masses of each part of the object multiplied by their distance squared from the rotation axis. For simple shapes like rods, disks, spheres, and cylinders, the moment of inertia can be calculated through integration. The parallel axis theorem and perpendicular axis theorem allow calculating the moment of inertia when the axis of rotation is not through the object's center of mass.
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Moment of Inertia
Moment of Inertia Defined
The moment of inertia measures the resistance to a change in rotation. • Change in rotation from torque • Moment of inertia I = mr2 for a single mass
The total moment of inertia is due to the sum of
masses at a distance from the axis of rotation. N I mi ri 2 i 1 Two Spheres A spun baton has a moment of inertia due to each separate mass.
• I = mr2 + mr2 = 2mr2
m m r If it spins around one end, only the far mass counts.
• I = m(2r)2 = 4mr2 Mass at a Radius Extended objects can be The total moment of inertia is treated as a sum of small I (Dm)r 2 masses. Each mass element A straight rod (M) is a set of contributes identical masses Dm. Dm ( M / L)Dr I ( M / L) r 2 Dr distance r to r+Dr The sum becomes an integral length L L I ( M / L) r 2 dr 0
axis I ( M / L)( L3 / 3) (1 / 3) ML2
Rigid Body Rotation The moments of inertia for many shapes can found by integration.
• Ring or hollow cylinder: I = MR2
• Solid cylinder: I = (1/2) MR2
• Hollow sphere: I = (2/3) MR2
• Solid sphere: I = (2/5) MR2 Point and Ring The point mass, ring and The rod and rectangular hollow cylinder all have the plate also have the same same moment of inertia. moment of inertia.
• I = MR2 • I = (1/3) MR2
All the mass is equally far The distribution of mass from
away from the axis. the axis is the same.
M R M R M M length R length R axis Playground Ride A child of 180 N sits at the Assume the merry-go-round edge of a merry-go-round is a disk. with radius 2.0 m and mass • Id = (1/2)Mr2 = 320 kg m2 160 kg. Treat the child as a point What is the moment of mass. inertia, including the child? • W = mg, m = W/g = 18 kg. • Ic = mr2 = 72 kg m2
m The total moment of inertia is
M the sum. r • I = Id + Ic = 390 kg m2 Parallel Axis Theorem Some objects don’t rotate The moment of inertia for a about the axis at the center rod about its center of mass: of mass. h = R/2 M The moment of inertia depends on the distance axis between axes. (1 / 3) MR 2 I CM M ( R / 2) 2 I I CM Mh 2 I CM (1 / 3) MR 2 (1 / 4) MR 2 I CM (1 / 12) MR 2 Perpendicular Axis Theorem For flat objects the rotational Iy = (1/12) Ma2 moment of inertia of the axes in the plane is related to the moment of inertia perpendicular to the plane. Ix = (1/12) Mb2 b
M a Iz Ix Iy
Iz = (1/12) M(a2 + b2)
Spinning Coin What is the moment of The moment of inertia of a inertia of a coin of mass M spinning disk perpendicular and radius R spinning on to the plane is known. one edge? • Id = (1/2) MR2
The disk has two equal axes
in the plane. R The perpendicular axis M M theorem links these. R • Id = Ie + Ie = (1/2) MR2 • Ie = (1/4) MR2 Id Ie
