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    Moment of Inertia

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    senthilcae
    The moment of inertia measures an object's resistance to changes in rotation around an axis. It is calculated as the sum of the masses of each part of the object multiplied by their distance squared from the rotation axis. For simple shapes like rods, disks, spheres, and cylinders, the moment of inertia can be calculated through integration. The parallel axis theorem and perpendicular axis theorem allow calculating the moment of inertia when the axis of rotation is not through the object's center of mass.

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    Moment of Inertia

    Uploaded by

    senthilcae
    244 views10 pages
    The moment of inertia measures an object's resistance to changes in rotation around an axis. It is calculated as the sum of the masses of each part of the object multiplied by their distance squared from the rotation axis. For simple shapes like rods, disks, spheres, and cylinders, the moment of inertia can be calculated through integration. The parallel axis theorem and perpendicular axis theorem allow calculating the moment of inertia when the axis of rotation is not through the object's center of mass.

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    The moment of inertia measures an object's resistance to changes in rotation around an axis. It is calculated as the sum of the masses of each part of the object multiplied by their distance squared from the rotation axis. For simple shapes like rods, disks, spheres, and cylinders, the moment of inertia can be calculated through integration. The parallel axis theorem and perpendicular axis theorem allow calculating the moment of inertia when the axis of rotation is not through the object's center of mass.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    244 views10 pages

    Moment of Inertia

    Uploaded by

    senthilcae
    The moment of inertia measures an object's resistance to changes in rotation around an axis. It is calculated as the sum of the masses of each part of the object multiplied by their distance squared from the rotation axis. For simple shapes like rods, disks, spheres, and cylinders, the moment of inertia can be calculated through integration. The parallel axis theorem and perpendicular axis theorem allow calculating the moment of inertia when the axis of rotation is not through the object's center of mass.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 10

    Moment of Inertia

    Moment of Inertia Defined


     The moment of inertia measures the resistance to a
    change in rotation.
    • Change in rotation from torque
    • Moment of inertia I = mr2 for a single mass

     The total moment of inertia is due to the sum of


    masses at a distance from the axis of rotation.
    N
    I   mi ri 2
    i 1
    Two Spheres
     A spun baton has a moment
    of inertia due to each
     separate mass.

    • I = mr2 + mr2 = 2mr2


    m m
    r
     If it spins around one end,
    only the far mass counts.

    • I = m(2r)2 = 4mr2
    Mass at a Radius
     Extended objects can be  The total moment of inertia is
    treated as a sum of small
    I   (Dm)r
    2
    masses.
     Each mass element
     A straight rod (M) is a set of contributes
    identical masses Dm. Dm  ( M / L)Dr
    I  ( M / L) r 2 Dr
    distance r to r+Dr
     The sum becomes an
    integral
    length L L
    I  ( M / L)  r 2 dr
    0

    axis I  ( M / L)( L3 / 3)  (1 / 3) ML2


    Rigid Body Rotation
     The moments of inertia for many shapes can found
    by integration.

    • Ring or hollow cylinder: I = MR2


    • Solid cylinder: I = (1/2) MR2

    • Hollow sphere: I = (2/3) MR2


    • Solid sphere: I = (2/5) MR2
    Point and Ring
     The point mass, ring and  The rod and rectangular
    hollow cylinder all have the plate also have the same
    same moment of inertia. moment of inertia.

    • I = MR2 • I = (1/3) MR2

     All the mass is equally far  The distribution of mass from


    away from the axis. the axis is the same.

    M
    R M R M
    M length R length R
    axis
    Playground Ride
     A child of 180 N sits at the  Assume the merry-go-round
    edge of a merry-go-round is a disk.
    with radius 2.0 m and mass • Id = (1/2)Mr2 = 320 kg m2
    160 kg.  Treat the child as a point
     What is the moment of mass.
    inertia, including the child? • W = mg, m = W/g = 18 kg.
    • Ic = mr2 = 72 kg m2

    m  The total moment of inertia is


    M the sum.
    r
    • I = Id + Ic = 390 kg m2
    Parallel Axis Theorem
     Some objects don’t rotate  The moment of inertia for a
    about the axis at the center rod about its center of mass:
    of mass.
    h = R/2
    M
     The moment of inertia
    depends on the distance
    axis
    between axes.
    (1 / 3) MR 2  I CM  M ( R / 2) 2
    I  I CM  Mh 2
    I CM  (1 / 3) MR 2  (1 / 4) MR 2
    I CM  (1 / 12) MR 2
    Perpendicular Axis Theorem
     For flat objects the rotational
    Iy = (1/12) Ma2
    moment of inertia of the axes
    in the plane is related to the
    moment of inertia
    perpendicular to the plane.
    Ix = (1/12) Mb2 b

    M
    a
    Iz  Ix  Iy

    Iz = (1/12) M(a2 + b2)


    Spinning Coin
     What is the moment of  The moment of inertia of a
    inertia of a coin of mass M spinning disk perpendicular
    and radius R spinning on to the plane is known.
    one edge? • Id = (1/2) MR2

     The disk has two equal axes


    in the plane.
    R  The perpendicular axis
    M M theorem links these.
    R
    • Id = Ie + Ie = (1/2) MR2
    • Ie = (1/4) MR2
    Id Ie

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