Objectives: Chapter 4 Sludge Treatment and Disposal
Objectives: Chapter 4 Sludge Treatment and Disposal
Objectives: Chapter 4 Sludge Treatment and Disposal
Objectives
to reduce the volume of material to be handled by
removal of some or all of the liquid portion, and
Sources of sludge
Primary sedimentation tank
Aeration basin or secondary clarifier
Screening and grinder
Filter backwash water
Factors to consider when selecting
the different treatment processes
Character of the sludge; raw, digested, or industrial
Land availability
Suitability of sludge for disposal by dilution
Local possibilities for using sludge as a soil
conditioner or fertilizer
Climate
Capital and operating costs
Size and type of wastewater treatment plant
Proximity of the plant to residential areas and local
air pollution control regulations
Sludge characteristics
The quantity of primary solids, on a dry mass basis, can be determined by
Mp = x SS x Q
where M p = mass of primary solids, kg/d
= efficiency of primary clarifier
SS = total suspended solids in effluent, kg/m3 and Q = flow rate, m 3/d
Secondary sludge can be estimated by the equation
Ms = Y x BOD5 x Q
Treatment
Wastewater Sludge
plant
Primary
Influent SS 200 mg/L clarifier 25 m Primary 5.0% solids
diameter
Influent Aerator
225 mg/L 2900 m3 Secondary 0. 75% solids
BOD volume
Effluent MLSS in 3500
20 mg/L Thickened 4.0% solids
BOD aerator mg/L
Flow 19,000 m3 /d .
Solution:
1)Determine the mass of the primary solids and the volume of the primary sludge
a. Area of primary clarifier = A=3.14xD2/4 =3.14x25 ²/4=491m2
b. Overflow rate= Q/A=19000/491=38.7m/d
c. From Fig .A.for overflow rate of 38.7m/d, SS=58% and BOD5=32%
d. Mass of primary solids required is =Mp = x SS x Q=0.58x0.2x19000=2204kg/d
volume of primary sludge Vp=Mp/1000.S =2204/(1000x0.05) =44.1m3/d
2) Determine the mass of the secondary solids and the volume of the secondary
sludge
a) Mass of secondary sludge =Ms = Y x BOD5 x Q=0.35xBOD5 x19000
BOD5=(1-0.32)x(225-20)mg/l=133mg/l
Ms=0.35x133x19000=884kg/d
b) Volume of secondary sludge=Vs =Ms/(1000.S) =884/(1000x0.0075) =118m3/d
3) Determine the total mass of solids and the total volume of sludge to the thickener
a)Mt=Mp+Ms=2204+884=3088kg/d
b)Vt=Vp+Vs=44.1+118=162.1m3/d
4) Determine the total mass of solids and the total volume of sludge discharged
from the thickener to the sludge disposal facilities
a)Assuming negligible solids in the thickener supernatant, the total mass of the solids
in the thickener sludge is 3088kg/d
b)Total volume of thickened sludge =Vthick=M/(1000.S) =3088/(1000x0.04)=77.2m3/d
5) Determine the % of volume reduction achieved by the thickener
% reduction=(162.1-77.1)/162.1 x100 =52%
Fig .A.Suspended solids and BOD removal as a function of overflow rate
ii) Sludge Stabilization
purpose
reduce pathogens
eliminate odor-causing materials
inhibit, reduce, and eliminate the potential for putrefaction
Methods
Anaerobic digestion
Aerobic digestion
Lime treatment (rare)
Heat treatment (very rare)
Digestion is a microbiological process that converts
the chemically complex organic sludge to methane,
carbon dioxide, and inoffensive humus like material.
Anaerobic Digestion
Biological treatment of the sludge in an
anaerobic environment
Biological solids are converted to carbon
dioxide , methane gases and water.
Types
Standard-Rate Digestion
High-Rate Digestion
Standard-Rate Digestion
Gas storage
Scum layer
Withdrawal
Supernatant
Inlet Heater
Settled solids
Single Stage High-Rate
Temperature sensitive
Methane content, % 65 65
anaerobically
recovered
Aerobic and Anaerobic Digestion Compared
Lime Treatment