Anemia in pregnancy is defined as a hemoglobin level below 11g/dl in the first and third trimesters and below 10.5g/dl in the second trimester. It can be caused by iron deficiency, folic acid deficiency, vitamin B12 deficiency, blood loss, chronic infections, and other nutritional deficiencies or medical conditions. Anemia is common in pregnant women in developing countries due to faulty diets, absorption issues, iron loss through menstruation, infections like malaria, and closely spaced pregnancies. It can lead to maternal and infant health complications if not addressed.
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Anemia in pregnancy is defined as a hemoglobin level below 11g/dl in the first and third trimesters and below 10.5g/dl in the second trimester. It can be caused by iron deficiency, folic acid deficiency, vitamin B12 deficiency, blood loss, chronic infections, and other nutritional deficiencies or medical conditions. Anemia is common in pregnant women in developing countries due to faulty diets, absorption issues, iron loss through menstruation, infections like malaria, and closely spaced pregnancies. It can lead to maternal and infant health complications if not addressed.
Anemia in pregnancy is defined as a hemoglobin level below 11g/dl in the first and third trimesters and below 10.5g/dl in the second trimester. It can be caused by iron deficiency, folic acid deficiency, vitamin B12 deficiency, blood loss, chronic infections, and other nutritional deficiencies or medical conditions. Anemia is common in pregnant women in developing countries due to faulty diets, absorption issues, iron loss through menstruation, infections like malaria, and closely spaced pregnancies. It can lead to maternal and infant health complications if not addressed.
Copyright:
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
Anemia in pregnancy is defined as a hemoglobin level below 11g/dl in the first and third trimesters and below 10.5g/dl in the second trimester. It can be caused by iron deficiency, folic acid deficiency, vitamin B12 deficiency, blood loss, chronic infections, and other nutritional deficiencies or medical conditions. Anemia is common in pregnant women in developing countries due to faulty diets, absorption issues, iron loss through menstruation, infections like malaria, and closely spaced pregnancies. It can lead to maternal and infant health complications if not addressed.
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ANEMIA IN PREGNANCY
PRESENTER : AKSHAY JADHAV
ROLL NO : 06 UNIV REG NO : 06M1607 SUBHEADINGS: • DEFINITION • CAUSES • ETIOLOGY DEFINITION • Anemia • Anemia in pregnancy ANEMIA • from Ancient Greek “anaimia”, meaning "lack of blood“ • DEFINITION: • Anemia is a state which is characterised by: - decrease in normal number of red blood cells (RBCs) - less than the normal quantity of hemoglobin in the blood - decreased oxygen-binding ability of each hemoglobin molecule (due to deformity or lack in numerical development) - appropriate for that age and sex • Acc to WHO: • For Adult male <13g/dl • For Adult female <12g/dl (non-pregnant) ANEMIA IN PREGNANCY • DEFINITION: • ACCORDING TO CDC ANEMIA IN PREGNANCY IS DEFINED AS: - Hb LESS THAN 11g/dl IN FIRST AND THIRD TRIMESTER AND - Hb OF LESS THAN 10.5g/dl IN SECOND TRIMESTER • ACCORDING TO WHO ANEMIA IN PREGNANCY IS DEFINED AS Hb LESS THAN 11g/dl. • The degree of anemia is graded according to the Hemoglobin (Hb) level as follows: • Moderate 7.0 – 10.9 g/dl • Severe 4.0 – 6.9 g/dl • Very severe < 4.0 g/dl Mean hemoglobin concentrations ( ---- ) and 5th and 95th (o----o)percentiles for healthy pregnant women taking iron supplements. ( Data from Centre for Disease Control, 1989a) CLASSIFICATION OF ANEMIA
MICROCYTIC HYPOCHROMIC o IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA o SIDEROBLASTIC ANEMIA o THALASSEMIA o ANEMIA DUE TO CHRONIC DISORDERS
• NORMOCYTIC NORMOCHROMIC o ACUTE BLOOD LOSS o HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA o BONE MARROW FAILURE o ANEMIA OF CHRONIC DISORDERS • MACROCYTIC NORMOCHROMIC o DEFICIENCY OF VIT B 12 o DEFICIENCY OF FOLIC ACID ETIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION Pathological Physiological Pathological NUTRITIONAL ANEMIA
• IRON DEFICIENCY • FOLIC ACID DEFICIENCY • VIT B 12 DEFICIENCY • PROTIEN DEFICIENCY ANEMIA DUE TO BLOOD LOSS
• Concept • Occurs due to: - disproportionate increase in plasma volume, RBC volume, and hemoglobin mass during pregnancy (hemodilution) - there is marked demand of extra iron during pregnancy(esp. in second halfnegative iron balance) • Similar to iron deficiency anemia Criteria for Physiological Anemia:
The lower limit of physiological anemia during
the second half of pregnancy should fulfill the following hematological values: 1.Hb- 10gm% 2.RBC- 3.2 million/ cumm 3.PCV- 30% 4.Peripheral smear showingnormal morphology of the RBC with central pallor CLINICAL CLASSIFICATION • SYMPTOMATIC
10 – 20 % ---- IN DEVELOPED COUNTRIES Causes of increased prevalence (in tropics) • Faulty dietetic habit • Faulty absorption mechanism • Iron loss: - more iron loss through sweat - Repeat pregnancies at short intervals - Excessive blood loss during menstruation - Hookworm infestation - Chronic malaria, bleeding piles & dysentry Factors that lead to development of anemia in pregnancy • Increased demands of iron • Diminished intake of iron • Disturbed metabolism • Pre-pregnant health status • Excess demand - multiple pregnancy - Women with rapidly recurring pregnancy - The demand of iron which accompanies the natural growth before the age of 21 ????? Y OU A N K TH FOR UR PATIENT HEARING!!! PATIENT HEARING!!!!!?????
