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    Pengantar Imk: Windy Puspita Sari Windypuspitasari@mti - Ugm.ac - Id

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    1. The document discusses the field of human-computer interaction (HCI), including definitions of HCI, its goals and importance, and factors that influence HCI design. 2. HCI involves the study of how humans interact with computers through interfaces and how to design systems for effective interaction. It aims to optimize performance of humans and computers as a system. 3. Poor interface design can lead to errors, frustration for users, and lower productivity or underutilization of systems. HCI design should make systems safe, effective, efficient and enjoyable to use.

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    Pengantar Imk: Windy Puspita Sari Windypuspitasari@mti - Ugm.ac - Id

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    162 views39 pages
    1. The document discusses the field of human-computer interaction (HCI), including definitions of HCI, its goals and importance, and factors that influence HCI design. 2. HCI involves the study of how humans interact with computers through interfaces and how to design systems for effective interaction. It aims to optimize performance of humans and computers as a system. 3. Poor interface design can lead to errors, frustration for users, and lower productivity or underutilization of systems. HCI design should make systems safe, effective, efficient and enjoyable to use.

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    1. The document discusses the field of human-computer interaction (HCI), including definitions of HCI, its goals and importance, and factors that influence HCI design. 2. HCI involves the study of how humans interact with computers through interfaces and how to design systems for effective interaction. It aims to optimize performance of humans and computers as a system. 3. Poor interface design can lead to errors, frustration for users, and lower productivity or underutilization of systems. HCI design should make systems safe, effective, efficient and enjoyable to use.

    Copyright:

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    162 views39 pages

    Pengantar Imk: Windy Puspita Sari Windypuspitasari@mti - Ugm.ac - Id

    Uploaded by

    tri_wibowo_8
    1. The document discusses the field of human-computer interaction (HCI), including definitions of HCI, its goals and importance, and factors that influence HCI design. 2. HCI involves the study of how humans interact with computers through interfaces and how to design systems for effective interaction. It aims to optimize performance of humans and computers as a system. 3. Poor interface design can lead to errors, frustration for users, and lower productivity or underutilization of systems. HCI design should make systems safe, effective, efficient and enjoyable to use.

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    of 39

    Windy Puspita Sari

    [email protected]

    PENGANTAR IMK
    IMK
    HCI=
    Donald Norman (2002)
    The Design of Everyday Things

    “Why do we put up with the frustrations of


    everyday objects, with objects that we can't
    figure out how to use, with those neat plastic
    wrapped packages that seem impossible to
    open, with doors that trap people, with washing
    machines and dryers that have been too
    confusing to use, with audio-stereo-television-
    video-cassette-recorders that claim in their
    advertisements to do everything, but that
    make it almost impossible to do anything?”
    Questions

     Bagaimana user berinteraksi?


     Apa yang diketahui user?
     Bagaimana user menggunakannya?
     Bagaimana user mengerti?
     Apakah user merasa nyaman?
     Dapatkah pengetahuan membantu dalam
    proses mendesain?
    Definisi HCI

     “ set of process, dialogues, and actions trough


    which a human user employs and interacts with
    computer ”
    (Baecker and Buxton, 1987)
     “a discipline concerned with the design,
    evaluation and implementation of interactive
    computing system for human use and with the
    study of major phenomena surrounding them “
    (ACM SIGCHI, 1992)
    Definisi HCI (cont..)

     the study, planning, and design of what happens


    when you and a computer work together. As its
    name implies, HCI consists of three parts: the
    user, the computer itself, and the ways they work
    together.
    (Nicky Danino – 2001)
     a discipline concerned with the study, design,
    construction and implementation of human-
    centric interactive computer systems.
    (http://www.webopedia.com)
    Definisi HCI (cont..)

     a discipline concerned with the design, evaluation


    and implementation of interactive computing
    systems for human use and with the study of
    major phenomena surrounding them.
    (http://en.wikipedia.org)
     the study of how people interact with computers
    and to what extent computers are or are not
    developed for successful interaction with human
    beings.
    (http://searchcio-midmarket.techtarget.com)
    HCI

     Human
     Adalah end-user dari sebuah program
     Atau fihak ketiga dalam suatu organisasi
     Computer
     Adalah mesin dimana program dijalankan
     Sering dibedakan dalam fungsi komputer clients & servers
     Interaction
     User mengkomunikasikan kepada komputer apa yang
    dikehendaki
     Komputer mengkomunikasikan apa yang dihasilkan
    HCI

    Human

    ●
    Adalah end-user dari sebuah program
    ●
    Atau fihak ketiga dalam suatu organisasi

    Computer

    ●
    Adalah mesin dimana program dijalankan
    ●
    Sering dibedakan dalam fungsi komputer clients & servers

    Interaction

    ●
    User mengkomunikasikan kepada komputer apa yang dikehendaki
    ●
    Komputer mengkomunikasikan apa yang dihasilkan
    HCI adalah bidang yang membahas tentang
    Design, Implementation and Evaluation dari
    suatu sistem interaktif yang berorientasi
    pada Human

    Humans

    Design

    Tasks Technology
    Mengapa IMK?

    Komputer harus didesain dengan baik, sesuai


    ●

    dengan kebutuhan dan kemampuan


    pengguna.

    User tidak perlu terlalu banyak berpikir


    ●

    mengenai cara menggunakan komputer.

    ●
    User tidak perlu tahu proses
    yang terjadi dalam komputer.
    Kepentingan IMK

     Mempelajari sisi human factors yang


    berpengaruh terhadap software design dan
    development.
     Topik Utama: Design yang berorientasi pada
    User Interface
     Bukan semata-mata pada interaksi yang diberikan
    software dalam dekstop monitor.
    Tujuan IMK:

    To optimise the performance of human


    and computer together as a system.
    Tujuan Pemahaman Aspek IMK

    “agar dicapai suatu kondisi yang senyaman


    mungkin ketika seseorang harus bekerja di
    depan komputer untuk selang waktu yang
    cukup lama”
    (Mgs. Afriyan Firdaus)
    Evolution of HCI
    ‘interfaces’
     50s - Interface at the hardware level for engineers - switch
    panels
     60-70s - interface at the programming level - COBOL,
    FORTRAN
     70-90s - Interface at the terminal level - command languages
     80s - Interface at the interaction dialogue level - GUIs,
    multimedia
     90s - Interface at the work setting - networked systems,
    groupware
     00s - Interface becomes pervasive
     RF tags, Bluetooth technology, mobile devices, consumer
    electronics, interactive screens, embedded technology
     Perusahaan mulai mengenalkan istilah thd
    produknya : user-friendly
     Secara praktis :
     Memaksinalkan tampilan pada screen
     Membuatnya secara estetika lebih menyenangkan
    dan memudahkan user.
     Dimulainya riset dengan fokus Kemampuan
    (capabilities) dan keterbatasan (limitations) dari
    manusia.
     Banyak dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor psikologis.
    Paradigm Shifts

    ●
    Cards,tape -> VDU ●
    Visual -> Multimedia
    ●
    Mainframe -> PC ●
    Linear -> Web-like
    ●
    Glass tty -> WIMP interface ●
    Desktop -> Ubiquitous,
    ●
    Commands -> Direct Mobile
    manipulation ●
    Single user -> CSCW
    ●
    Direct manipulation ●
    Purposeful use -> Situated
    -> Agents use
    Moore’s Law

     Memory
     Speed
     Portability
     Affordability  Computer Abilities

     1950  1990  2030


    Human Psychology

     Computers

     Human Abilities

     1950  1990  2030


    Faktor – Faktor IMK

     Organisational: job design, roles, policies,


     Environmental: noise, heating, lighting, ventilation,
     Health: stress, headaches
     The user : motivation, satisfaction, experience
     Comfort : seating
     User interface : I/O devices, color scheme, icons, dialogue, help
     Task : complexity, novelty, allocation, repetitions, monitoring
     Constraints : costs, timescales, staff, equipment, building
     System functionality : hardware, software, network
     Productivity : output, quality, costs, errors, production time
    Problems Mesin ATM

     Orang tua lebih jarang


    menggunakan ATM :
     Usia 24 Thn : rata-rata 7
    kunjungan per bulan
     Penggunaan menurun
    untuk usia diatas 45
     Usia 65 keatas : dua
    pertiga belum pernah
    menggunakan ATM
    Problems Mesin ATM (cont..)

     Banyak desain mesin ATM yang


    menimbulkan ketidak puasan
    pengguna.
     Buttons tidak sesuai dengan line up
    perintah
     Layar sulit dibaca terutama pada siang
    hari (silau)
     Menu yang membingungkan
    Poor Interface Design

     Meningkatnya kesalahan dalam data entry


    dan operasional sistem.
     Timbulnya Inaccessible functionality
     Munculnya user frustration yang akan
    berakibat pada menurunnya produktivitas
    atau sistem yang under utilitation
     Munculnya system failure yang diakibatkan
    oleh user rejection
    Yang Diharapkan Dari HCI

     Software / Mesin yang ketika berinteraksi


    dengan user bersifat :
     Safely
     Effectively
     Efficiently
     Enjoyably
     Memenuhi kriteria Software Quality (ISO 9126)
     Functionality,Reliability,Usability,Efficiency,
    Maintainability,Portability
    Konsep Utama : Usability

     Learnability
     Kemudahan dalam mempelajari sistem.
     Skills yang tidak berubah sepanjang waktu. (standar)
     Throughput
     Kecepatan dalam hal task performance
     Bersifat low user error rate
     Flexibility
     Disesuaikan untuk berbagai tingkat kemahiran pemakai.
     Sistem yang bersifat customised
     Attitude
     Secara subjective user merasa puas terhadap sistem
    Kasus Microsoft dan Quicken

     1995 - Microsoft mencoba untuk membeli


    program Quicken dari Intuit sebesar $1.5
    billion
     Alasan pembelian : program Quicken lebih
    mudah digunakan dibandingkan dengan
    produk Microsoft
    Pendapat Mitchell Kapor
    (Designer of Lotus 1-2-3)

     The lack of usability in software and the poor


    design of programs are the secret shame of the
    software industry.
     One of the main reasons most computer software
    is so abysmal is that it’s not designed at all, but
    merely engineered.
     ... implementors often place more emphasis on a
    program’s internal construction than on its
    external design.
    A software Design Manifesto 1990
    Kasus-kasus dalam IMK

     Produktifitas
     DEC pada tahun 1991 secara khusus mendesain
    ulang sistem softwarenya untuk meningkatkan
    usability
     revenue meningkat > 80%
     customers memandangnya peningkatan usability
    adalah aspect ke 2 dari keberhasilan DEC
     Meningkatkan penjualan
    Kasus-kasus dalam IMK
    (cont..)
     1988 :Tertembaknya pesawat Iran (Iranian Airbus)
     Pesawat Iran dengan no penerbangan 655 ditembak jatuh
    oleh kapal perang Amerika USS Vincennes
     Pesawat tersebut dikira sebuah pesawat F-14
     Kesimpulan : Bagian data telah memberikan data yang
    akurat namun crew telah salah mengintrepretasikan data.
     Crew lebih terfokus pada tampilan screen radar dan
    kesulitan untuk mengkorelasikan data dengan tampilan.
    Data vital diabaikan oleh data sederhana yang nampak di
    layar radar.
     Diketahui terdapat 2900 error interpretasi data.
    Kasus-kasus dalam IMK
    (cont..)
     Jatuhnya Pesawat Indian Airlines Flight 605
    (airbus 320)
     Perusahaan Airbus memperbaharui mekanisme
    kerja di ruang pilot, namun ternyata menyulitkan
    pilot untuk beradaptasi sehingga terjadi human
    error.
     Terdapat 98 kesalahan
    Do I have any choice?
    Any
    questions???
    Daftar Pustaka
     Shneiderman, Ben, Designing The User Interface, Third Edition,
    Addison Wesley
     Slide kuliah “INTERAKSI MANUSIA & KOMPUTER”, Yudi Prayudi.
     Slide “Pengantar Interaksi Manusia dan Komputer”, Restyandito,
    S.Kom, MSIS.
     Slide kuliah “Perancangan Antarmuka Pengguna”, Ir. P. Insap
    Santosa, M.Sc., Ph.D.
     http://images.guilittle.multiply.com
     http://www.webopedia.com
     http://en.wikipedia.org
     http://searchcio-midmarket.techtarget.com
     http://www.sitepoint.com/article/computer-interaction-site/

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