Unit - 4

Topic 1 – Social Environment
Social environment of business means all factors which

affects business socially . Every business works in a society ,
so societies different factors like family, educational
institutions and religion affects business .
It includes the culture that the individual was educated or

lives in, and the people with whom they interact.
The cultural factors like buying and consumption habit of

the people, customs and traditions, tastes and preferences,
languages etc. are the factors that affect the strategy of the
business.
Cultural Environment
The cultural environment mean a environment which
affect the basic values, behaviours, and preferences of the
society-all of which have an effect on consumer marketing
decisions.
Socio-cultural Environment
A set of beliefs, customs, practices and behaviour that
exists within a population.
International companies often include an examination of

the socio-cultural environment prior to entering their
target markets.
Factors which effect social and
cultural environment
• Attitude of people. • Natural Factor.
• Demographic Factor. • Technological Factor.
• Religion • Income & Life Style.
• Social Responsibility. • Health & Safety
• Taste & Preference. Factor.
• Education.
• Family.
Topic 2: -Corporate social responsibility
Corporate social responsibility encompasses the
economic, legal, ethical and philanthropic
expectations placed on organizations by society at a
given point of time.
Corporate Social Responsiveness refers to the

capacity of a corporation to respond to social
pressures.
THE STAKEHOLDER CONCEPT OF CSR
•Legally binding contracts
•Rights and claims to corporations
•Protection of employee rights
•Speculative interests of shareholders
•Stakeholder’ s ability to influence corporate decisions
•Corporate governance
Stakeholders Classification
Topic 3: - THE ARCHIE CARROLL
MODEL
The Corporate Social Responsibility pyramid was framed to
embrace the entire spectrum of society’s expectations of
business responsibilities and define them in terms of categories.
According to the model, four kinds of social responsibilities

constitute total Corporate Social Responsibility:
•Economic (“make profit”),
•Legal (“obey the law”),
•Ethical (“be ethical”), and
•Philanthropic (“be a good corporate citizen”).
Carroll’s four part
model of social
responsibility
Theoretical Assumptions:
The central assumptions underlying the Corporate Social

Responsibility pyramid are presented below. Nature of Corporate
Social Responsibility taking a managerial approach, the four-part
pyramid defines Corporate Social Responsibility in terms of social
expectations that responsible corporations should strive to meet.
Prevailing social norms and expectations provide external criteria
against which corporate performance can be measured; thus, the
notion of responsibility in the pyramid model is reduced to
normative restraints of responsiveness. In other words, Corporate
Social Responsibility in the pyramid formulation is basically
accommodative. Suggesting that businesses should treat Corporate
Social Responsibility not as a goal to be maximized but as a
constraint, the pyramid does in effect promote satisfying behavior
rather than striving for excellence.
Topic 4: - ACKERMAN’S MODEL
Micro-level theorist Robert Ackerman was among the

earliest people to suggest that responsiveness, (he
prefers to use the term ‘responsiveness’), should be the
goal of corporate social endeavour.
Ackerman described three phases through which

companies commonly tend to pass in developing a
response to social issues as explained in the following
Table:
In Phase 1, a corporation’s top managers deal an existing social
problem. At this stage, no one asks the company to deal with it. The
Chief Executive Officer merely acknowledges the problem by making
a written or oral statement of the company’s policy towards it.
In Phase 2, the company hires staff specialists or engages outside

consultants to study the problem and to suggest ways of dealing
with it. Up to this point, the company has limited itself to declaring
its intentions and formulating its plans.
Phase 3 is implementation. The company now integrates the policy

into its ongoing operations. Unfortunately, implementation often
comes slowly and often not until the government or public opinion
forces the company to act. But by that time, the company has lost
the initiative. Ackerman thus advises that managers should “act
early in the life cycle of any social issue in order to enjoy the largest
amount of managerial discretion over the outcome.”

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Topic 1 – Social Environment

Social environment of business means all factors which

It includes the culture that the individual was educated or

The cultural factors like buying and consumption habit of

International companies often include an examination of

Corporate Social Responsiveness refers to the

According to the model, four kinds of social responsibilities

The central assumptions underlying the Corporate Social

Micro-level theorist Robert Ackerman was among the

Ackerman described three phases through which

In Phase 2, the company hires staff specialists or engages outside

Phase 3 is implementation. The company now integrates the policy

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