End of Japanese Occupation: By: Ken-Ryu B. Soriano Bs Psychology 1102

END OF JAPANESE
OCCUPATION
By : Ken-Ryu B. Soriano
BS PSYCHOLOGY 1102
BACKGROUND OF THE AUTHOR
RAYMOND V ANDERSON
A navy gunner
CARLOS H. CONDE
Is the Philippines researcher for Human Rights
Before joining Human Rights Watch, Conde has worked as a journalist for 20
years, nearly half of that time as the freelance correspondent in Manila for the
New York Times and the International Herald Tribune.
FRANCISCO SIONIL JOSÉ
(born 3 December 1924) is one of the most widely read Filipino writers in the
English language. His novels and short stories depict the social underpinnings
of class struggles and colonialism in Filipino society.
JAPANESE OCCUPATION OF THE
PHILIPPINES
1941 - JUL 5, 1945
The Japanese occupation of the Philippines occurred between 1942

and 1945, when Imperial Japan occupied the Commonwealth of the
Philippines during World War II.
The invasion of the Philippines started on 8 December 1941, ten hours

after the attack on Pearl Harbor. As at Pearl Harbor, American aircraft were
severely damaged in the initial Japanese attack. Lacking air cover, the
American Asiatic Fleet in the Philippines withdrew to Java on 12 December
1941.
DEFEAT OF JAPAN IN THE
PHILIPPINES
The Philippines was the site of some of the most vicious fighting in the
Pacific theater. By the time the war ended, 320,000 Japanese occupation
troops on the Philippines had died. Of an American force of 300,000 that
occupied the archipelago, 15,000 died and 48,000 were wounded, The
hardest hits were taken by the people of the Philippines. The Philippines lost
more than five percent of its total population (1 million dead out of 18 million
people in the Philippines).
By some estimates over 1.1 million Filipinos were killed during World War
II. This is out of a wartime population of 17 million. "Every Filipino family was hurt
by the war on a very personal level," one sociologist told the New York Times.
The battles entailed long fierce fighting, some of the Japanese continued
to fight until the official surrender of the Empire of Japan on September 2. After
their landing, American forces undertook measures to suppress the Huk-
Movement, which was originally founded to fight the Japanese Occupation. The
American forces removed local Huk governments and imprisoned many high-
ranking members of the Philippine Communist Party. While these incidents
happened there was still fighting against the Japanese forces and despite the
American measures against the Huk they still supported American soldiers in the
fight against the Japanese.
The final Japanese soldier to surrender was Hiroo Onoda, in 1974.

LEGACY OF WWII ON THE
PHILIPPINES
After World War II and independence, the United States Congress
reneged on promised to give benefits to Filipino soldiers who fought on the
Allied side against Japan. In 2009 Associated Press reported: “Men and
women from the Philippines were promised recognition and benefits when
they enlisted to fight alongside US troops during World War II. Many of those
honors are only arriving now, 64 years after the war ended. The Fil-Am veterans
are also set to receive long-awaited benefits that the United States pledged
during the war. [Source: Associated Press, June 7, 2009]
PHILIPPINES
“Some 250,000 Filipinos enlisted in 1941 to help defend the Philippines, a
US commonwealth at the time. They were promised that they could become
US citizens if they chose, and receive benefits under the G.I. Bill. The US
Congress took away that offer in 1946 when the Philippines became an
independent nation. Congress passed legislation in 2009 rewarding the soldiers
for their service with $9,000 payments for non-US citizens and $15,000 for those
with citizenship. In 2009, about 18,000 Filipino veterans, many in their 80s and
90s, were still alive. Ravaged by old age and disease, they were dying at the
rate of 10 a day, officials said."
PHILIPPINES
“In short, World War II left the Philippines devastated long after it ended,
historians and sociologists say. This damage, they say, defines the modern
Filipino: poor and lost, perpetually wandering the globe for economic survival,
bereft of national pride, and - like the women of Mapanique - forced to suffer,
to this day, the indignities of their violation. "Filipinos have a very short historical
memory," said Ricardo Trota Jose, the country's foremost scholar on Philippine-
Japan relations, who teaches history at the University of the Philippines.”
LEGACY OF WORLD WAR II ON
ONE SMALL PHILIPPINE VILLAGE
Reporting from Mapanique, Philippines, Carlos H. Conde wrote in the
New York Times, On November 23, 1944, Japanese soldiers stormed through
this village, burning down houses and killing all the Filipino men they could find.
They then herded dozens of women to a red mansion that had been turned
into a garrison. There, the soldiers took turns violating the Filipinas; they raped a
mother and her daughter at the same time in one of the many rooms. To this
day, the women of Mapanique - many of those still alive are now in their 70s -
talk about their ordeal with chilling clarity. "I will never forget that horrible day,"
said Maxima dela Cruz, 76, one of the survivors.
CONDITIONS IN THE PHILIPPINES AFTER
THE JAPANESE OCCUPATION
-Financial Crisis
-Restoration of Philippine Economy
-Restoration of Peace and Order
-Lack of Medicine and Food
-Rebuilding of Schools, Churches and Infrastructure
Damaged by the War
-Problems encountered during Pres. Manuel Roxas'
term
ON AUGUST 1, 1944 PRESIDENT
MANUEL LUIS MOLINA QUEZON DIED
of Tuberculosis, immediately after that, vice president Sergio Osmenia
became the president of the Commonwealth government.
Changes during Osmena’s government:
Re-establishing of the new cabinet members.
New Supreme Court
Establishing People’s Court
Rebuilding the provinces and cities.
THE ELECTION
The last election for the commonwealth government was held on APRIL 23,
1946.
MANUEL ROXAS won the presidency and ELPIDIO QUIRINO won as vice
president
JAPANESE INFLUENCE IN THE
PHILIPPINES
• Livelihood
• The Filipinos learned to engage in different businesses like buy and sell and
barter trade to earn a living
• Entertainment
• In literature, Filipinos were encourage to write on a condition that they would
use tagalog as a medium

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END OF JAPANESE

The Japanese occupation of the Philippines occurred between 1942

The invasion of the Philippines started on 8 December 1941, ten hours

The final Japanese soldier to surrender was Hiroo Onoda, in 1974.

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