Breeding For Plant Disease Resistance
Breeding For Plant Disease Resistance
Breeding For Plant Disease Resistance
GIRISH KUMAR
Roll no- 1888011
Sem-4nd, 2019
Department of Botany
Disease Resistance
Definition:
The ability of an organism to defend itself against
pathogen attack and establishment of disease. In other words,
disease resistance is the reduction of pathogen growth. This most
often involves innate immunity whereby the organism responds
to pathogen in a generic way.
Resistance provided in these two following ways-
By pre-formed structures & chemicals
By infection-induced response of the immune system.
Introduction:
The use of disease resistant varieties for controlling plant disease
has been termed the “Painless Method” because it does not cost
the farmer anything.
In a underdeveloped country like India, it is all the more important
since we can’t pay for the heavy costs of spraying and dusting
crops on a large scale.
Use of resistant cultivars eliminates the hazard to human health
and wildlife which results from the use of poisonous chemicals
and their residues.
Resistant crop varieties check epidemics of pathogens and pests
and thus help to maintain the biological balance in the
environments.
It has been proved in several cases that the resistance or
susceptibility to disease is located in the genes.
The breeding of resistant varieties of crops is based upon the law
of inheritance.
DISEASE REACRIONS
Mechanical
Hypersensitivity
Nutritional
Mechanical :
A known variety
Germplasm collection
Wild species
Mutations
Somaclonal variation
Unrelated organisms
Methods of breeding for disease resistance
Selection
Introduction
Mutation Tradional Methods
Hybridization
MAS
Tissue Culture Methods:
Somaclonal Variation
Biotechnological Tools
Somatic Hybridization (Protoplast fusion)
Meristem-tip culture (for virus free planting material)
Genetic engineering (Transgenics)
SELECTION
The source of resistance is a cultivated variety
mass selection and pure lines selection in self pollinated crops; mass and
recurrent selection in cross pollinated species; and clonal selection in the
vegetative propagated crops will be ideal for isolating disease resistant plants.
The resistant plants may be multiplied, screened & released as a variety.
Pusa sawani, bhindi (A.esculentus) from Bihar is resistant to yellow
mosaic under field condition.
INTRODUCTION
The resistant variety may be introduced & after testing, if found
suitable, can be released in the disease prone area.
Easy & quick.
Introduction also serve as source of resistance in breeding
programmed.
Mutations
Induced mutations can be utilized by Direct release as a variety
(resistant mutant) & by utilization in hybridization programme.
Hybridization
Hybridization is used when resistant genes are available either in the
germplasm or in wild species of crop plants.
After hybridization, the hybrid material is handled either by pedigree
method or by backcross method.
The pedigree method is used when the resistance is governed by
polygene and the resistant variety is an adapted one which also
contributes some desirable agronomic traits.
The backcross method is used when resistance to governed by
oligogenes.
SOMACLONAL VARIATION:
Disease resistant somaclonal variants can be obtained by following
two ways: