Group No-1 Tunnel
Group No-1 Tunnel
Group No-1 Tunnel
The Shape of tunnels depends upon the pressure of the ground and also the
purpose for which the tunnel is to be constructed.
The Alignment of Tunnel should be such that the total cost of construction can
be reduced.
A Light intensity of 260 lumens per sq.m. in the working area is considered
satisfactory.
Drainage Systems
Temporary Permanent
Shafts are vertical passages, reaching from ground surface down to the tunnel
roof along the centre line of tunnel.
Objectives:
- To provide natural Ventilation
- Removal of muck
- To Deliver the materials
- Facilitate supplies
- As a passageway for workman
- For exhausting smoke & foul gases
Portals
Ventilation means A technique to provide fresh air & removing polluted air
during & after the construction of Tunnels.
Methods of Ventilation…..
- Natural Ventilation
- Mechanical Ventilation
* Blowing
* Exhausting
* Combination of blowing & Exhausting
Natural Ventilation
Blowing:
- In this method, fresh air is blown by blower fans mounted in one or more input
shafts.
Exhausting:
- The foul air & dust, are drawn into an exhausting fan near working face by
creating flow of fresh air from entrance.
In drilling, blasting, loading & hauling muck operations, the dust accumulates in
the air which must be controlled in a view to continue the work & maintain the
worker’s health.
Safety in Tunnels must be kept in mind while constructing the one in a view to
avoid the accidents.
Causes of Accidents:
- Limited Working Space
- Wet platforms
- Inadequate lighting
- Handling of explosives
- Unstable Rocks
- Working of heavy machines
Safety Measures