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    Kepler S Laws of Planetary 1

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    AJAY KUMAR
    Johannes Kepler derived his three Laws of Planetary Motion by studying the orbit of Mars using Tycho Brahe's accurate measurements, finding that planets move in ellipses with the Sun at one focus rather than perfect circles, and that their orbital periods and distances are mathematically related. Kepler's laws formed the basis for Isaac Newton's later law of universal gravitation and improved understanding of celestial mechanics throughout the solar system.

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    Kepler S Laws of Planetary 1

    Uploaded by

    AJAY KUMAR
    223 views14 pages
    Johannes Kepler derived his three Laws of Planetary Motion by studying the orbit of Mars using Tycho Brahe's accurate measurements, finding that planets move in ellipses with the Sun at one focus rather than perfect circles, and that their orbital periods and distances are mathematically related. Kepler's laws formed the basis for Isaac Newton's later law of universal gravitation and improved understanding of celestial mechanics throughout the solar system.

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    Kepler s Laws of Planetary 1

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    Johannes Kepler derived his three Laws of Planetary Motion by studying the orbit of Mars using Tycho Brahe's accurate measurements, finding that planets move in ellipses with the Sun at one focus rather than perfect circles, and that their orbital periods and distances are mathematically related. Kepler's laws formed the basis for Isaac Newton's later law of universal gravitation and improved understanding of celestial mechanics throughout the solar system.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    223 views14 pages

    Kepler S Laws of Planetary 1

    Uploaded by

    AJAY KUMAR
    Johannes Kepler derived his three Laws of Planetary Motion by studying the orbit of Mars using Tycho Brahe's accurate measurements, finding that planets move in ellipses with the Sun at one focus rather than perfect circles, and that their orbital periods and distances are mathematically related. Kepler's laws formed the basis for Isaac Newton's later law of universal gravitation and improved understanding of celestial mechanics throughout the solar system.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 14

    Presentation

    keepler's Law

    OF

    Planetary motion

    By-
    Ajay kumar
    Patna Science collage
    MARS

    JOHANNES KEPLER

    THE SOLAR SYSTEM

    LAWS OF PLANETARY MOTION


    Danish astronomer Tyc
    Picture of Brahe o Brahe (1546-1601) ha
    d an island observatory
    and the best measurem
    ents of the positions fo
    r all known planets (Me
    rcury, Venus, Mars, Jup
    iter, and Saturn) and th
    e Moon.
    Austrian mathemati
    cian Johannes Kepl
    er (1571-1630), inter
    ested in how the pla
    nets move around th
    e sun, went to Tyco’
    s island to get these
    accurate measurem
    ents.
    At that time, many astronomers believ
    ed that planets orbited around the sun
    in perfect circles, but Tyco’s accurate
    measurements for Mars didn’t fit a cir
    cle.
    Instead, the mathematician Johannes
    Kepler found that the orbit of Mars fit a
    n ellipse the best…
    What is an ellipse?
    An ellipse is a geome
    tric shape with 2 foci
    2 foci instead of 1 central fo
    cus, as in a circle. Th
    e sun is at one focus
    with nothing at the ot
    her focus.

    FIRST LAW OF PLANETARY MOTION


    An ellipse also has…

    …a major axis …and a minor axis

    Perihelion Aphelion

    Semi-major axis
    Perihelion: When Mars or any another planet i
    s closest to the sun.
    Aphelion: When Mars or any other planet is far
    thest from the sun.
    Kepler also found that Mars changed s
    peed as it orbited around the sun: faste
    r when closer to the sun, slower when f
    arther from the sun…
    But, areas A and B,
    A B swept out by a line
    from the sun to Ma
    rs, were equal over
    the same amount o
    f time.
    SECOND LAW OF PLANETARY
    MOTION
    Kepler found a relations T1
    hip between the time it t R1
    ook a planet to go compl
    etely around the sun (T,
    sidereal year), and the a
    verage distance from the T2
    sun (R, semi-major axis)
    …
    R2
    T1 2 R1 3 T2=TxT
    = ( R3 = R x R x R )
    T2 2 R2 3
    THIRD LAW OF PLANETARY MOTION
    T2 Earth’s sidereal year (T)
    and distance (R) both eq
    ual 1. The average distan
    R2 ce from the Earth to the
    sun (R) is called 1 astron
    omical unit (AU).
    Kepler’s Third Law, then, changes to
    T1 2 R1 3 T1 2 R1 3 2 = R 3
    = or = or T1 1
    T2 2 R2 3 1 1
    When we compare the orbits
    of the planets…
    Planet T(yrs) R(au) T2 R3
    Venus 0.62 0.72 0.38 0.37
    Earth 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
    Mars 1.88 1.52 3.53 3.51
    Jupiter 11.86 5.20 141 141

    We find that T2 and R3 are essentially equal.


    Kepler’s Laws apply to any celestial
    body orbiting any other celestial body.

    • Any planet around a sun


    • The moon around the Earth
    • Any satellite around the Earth
    • The international space station
    • Any rings around any planet
    Later, Isaac Newton built upon Kepler’s Laws
    to confirm his own Law of Gravitation.
    If it wasn’t for Mars and its complicated travel
    s across the night sky, Johannes Kepler may
    not have derived his Laws of Planetary Motio
    n. Isaac Newton might not have had a founda
    tion for his Law of Gravitation...

    THE RED PLANET MARS IS FOREVER LI


    NKED TO OUR UNDERSTANDING OF TH
    E SOLAR SYSTEM AND ONE OF THE 4
    BASIC FORCES OF NATURE.

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