Denture Base Resin
Denture Base Resin
Denture Base Resin
shefali goel
Jr-1
HISTORY OF RESINS
Before 1840 - wood, ivory, bone
Temporary Permanent
Eg: Self cure acrylics, Eg: Heat cure denture resins
Shellac base plate Light cure resin
Base plate wax.
CLASSIFICATION OF POLYMERS
1.Chemical Repeating Units
2.Thermal behavior
-Thermoplastic eg:PMMA
Polyvinyl acrylic
-Thermosetting eg:Silicones
Bisphenol Adiacrylate
3.Types Of Polymerization
-condensation
-Addition
4.Activating Energy
-Heat activated
-Chemical activated
-Visible light
Addition Polymerization:
All resins employed extensively in dental procedures are
produced by additions polymerization.
no change in chemical composition
no by-products are formed.
STAGES OF POLYMERIZATION
1.Induction: molecules of initiator becomes energised and start
to transfer energy to the monomer
Heat activation
Most denture base resins are polymerized by this method
e.g. benzoyl peroxide will initiate the polymerization of methyl
methacrylate monomer
Chemical activation
This system consists of at least two reactants, when mixed they
undergo chemical reaction and liberate free radicals
e.g. the use of benzoyl peroxide and an aromatic amine( dimethyl-p-
toluidine) in self-cured dental resins.
Light activation
photons of light energy activate the initiator to generate free radicals
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e.g. camphoroquinone and an amine will react to form free radicals
when they are irradiated with visible light.
2. Propagation: occurs when free radicals break the
bond between carbon atoms in monomer and
adjacent monomers bond together
Provisional restorations
(tooth colored resins and composite resins)
Models
TYPES OF RESINS
Acrylic resins
Vinyl resins
Polystyrene
Epoxy resins
Polycarbonates
Polyurethanes
Cyanoacrylates
HEAT ACTIVATED ACRYLIC RESIN
COMPOSITION
POWDER
1. Poly(methyl methacrylate)(95-98%) major component
2. Ethyl/ butyl methacrylate(5%) copolymers
3. Benzoyl peroxide Initiator
4. Dibutyl phthalate Plasticizer
5. Zinc,barium or bismuth salts Opacifiers
6. Compounds like Mercuric Color
sulphide, Cadmium sulphide Pigments
7. Inorganic particles improves physical
like nylon or glass fiber. properties
LIQUID
1.Methyl methacrylate Monomer
Technical consideration:
1. Compression molding technique
2. Injection molding technique
COMPRESSION MOULDING
TECHNIQUE
Fully assembled hanau denture flask
Mixing of powder and liquid
On standing, mixture passes through 5 distinct stages
i.Sandy:
No interaction at molecular level. consistency of
mixture—coarse or grainy.
ii.Stringy:
Some polymer chain dispersed in liquid monomer. Stage
characterized by stringiness or stickiness when material
is touched or drawn apart.
iii.Dough :
An increased number of polymer chain enter solution.
Not adhere to walls of the jar. Mass is homogenous & can
be packed into mold at this stage.
iv.Rubbery or elastic:
Monomer is dissipated by evaporation & by
further penetration into remaining
polymer beads.
Mass rebounds when compressed or
stretched and cann’t be molded.
v.Stiff:
This may be attributed to evaporation of
the free monomer.
Clinically, the mixture appears very dry &
is resistant to mechanical deformation.
RHEOLOGY STAGES OF PRE-POLYMERIZED DENTURE ACRYLIC AFTER
MIXING OF POWDER AND LIQUID. NF IS THE FINAL VISCOSITY AND NF/2 IS
HALF OF THE FINAL VALUE.
REF : RESTORATIVE DENTAL MATERIALS , CRAIG, 11 TH EDITION.
Packing
Should be packed at dough consistency
Bench Curing
Permits an equalization of pressures
throughout the mold
Uniform dispersion of monomer
throughout the mass of dough,
Producing a better bond of the teeth with
the base material.
30-6O mins.
Polymerization cycle
Disadvantages
1. High cost of equipment
2. Less craze resistance
3. Special flask is required
CHEMICALLY ACTIVATED
RESINS
These resins are
activated by the
chemical activators
present in them.
a) POWDER- may be
clear,pink,veined or tooth
coloured.
Composition similar to that
of heat cure resins
Advantages:
1. Better initial fit.
2. For repairing, self cure resins are preferable as re-curing
causes warpage.
Uses
Technical consideration
• Sprinkle on technique
• Adapting technique
• Fluid resin technique(pour type acrylic resin)
• Compression molding technique
Fluid resin technique
Advantages
Better tissue fit
Decreased probability of damage to prosthetic teeth
& denture base during deflasking.
Simplification of flasking, deflasking & finishing
procedures.
Disadvantages
Noticeable shifting of prosthetic teeth during
processing.
Air entrapment within the denture base material.
Poor bonding between the denture base material &
acrylic resin teeth.
Heat cured Self cured
1. Heat is necessary for 1. Heat is not necessary for
polymerization polymerization
COMPOSITION
1) Urethane di methlyacrylate cross linking
agent
2) Camphorquinone initiator
Acceptable esthetics
Volumetric Shrinkage
21 %
Since 1/3 is liquid, volumetric shrinkage
exhibited by polymerized mass is about 7 %
linear shrinkage is around 2%
Effects:
- denture base adaptation
- cuspal adaptation
Cause:
Thermal Shrinkage of resin.
In initial stages, pressure maintained on the flask
assembly causes resin to contract at approx. the same
rate as surrounding dental stone.
As cooling proceeds, soft resin approaches Glass
Transition Temp (Tg) - polymerized resin passes from
soft, rubbery state to rigid, glassy state
Thus, rigid mass contracts at a rate different from
surrounding dental stone
Greater the linear shrinkage, greater the discrepancy in
the initial fit of denture
Significance: Chemically cured resins generally display
better adaptation than heat cured resins
Thermal properties:
Poly methyl methacrylate is stable to heat.
Softens at 1250C.
between 1250C- 2000C-depolymerise.
At 4500C , 90% of polymer will depolymerise to monomer.
Thermal conductivity:
Poor conductors of heat and electricity.
Coefficient of Thermal expansion – High
Colour stability:
Heat cure – High
Self cure – low
Creep: It is the time dependent plastic strain under constant load
Creep rate can be elevated by :
- increase amount of plasticizer
- increase residual monomer content
- if applied load is too high
Shelf life:Dispensed as powder and liquid have the best shelf life.
Gel type have lower and should be stored in a refrigerator.
PROCESSING ERRORS
POROSITY
a.Internal porosity:
Appears as bubbles or voids with in the denture. Not present on
the surface of the denture. Confined to the thick portions of the
denture base.
Causes:
• Due to the vapourisation of monomer when the temperature
of resin increases above the boiling point of the monomer
(100.80C).
Causes:
1. Mechanical stress.
2. Attack by solvent.
3. Incorporation of water.
Indicated for:
patients who drop their denture repeatedly
eg; senility, parkinsonism
Soft Denture
Liners
Short-Term/
Long-Term/
temporary/
permanent
Tissue Conditioner
Long term soft liner
Heat activated resins are more durable & considered as long term liners.
Composition
Powder – acrylic resin polymers & copolymers
Liquid - acrylic monomer & plasticizer
Indication-
-irritated mucosa
-patients with severe undercuts of ridge
-congenital or acquired defects of palate .
Disadvantage-
- loose elasticity with time
-can not be cleaned effectively , thus often have disagreeable taste & odor
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Tissue conditioners/short term soft liner
Assists in returning abused soft tissues to a healthier
state
Properties-
o Viscous - adaption to tissue
o -Viscoelastic - cushioning of masticatory forces
Other polymers
Synthetic latex
Silicones
Polyurethanes
CONCLUSION
1) High fracture
toughness 1) Brittle, may chip
2) Susceptible to crazing by
2) Crazing if not cross- thermal shock
linked
8) Difficult to fit in
diminished inter arch
space
Resin Teeth Porcelain Teeth