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    Flight Control Surface

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    vipin murali
    Flight control surfaces like ailerons, elevators, and rudders control the aircraft's movement around its three axes. Primary control surfaces provide the main aerodynamic forces for controlling the aircraft in flight. Secondary controls like flaps and slats augment lift during takeoff and landing. Trim tabs help balance aircraft forces without pilot effort. As aircraft grew larger, power-assisted hydraulic systems were needed to control surfaces, with mechanical linkages still connecting pilots to hydraulic valves.

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    Flight Control Surface

    Uploaded by

    vipin murali
    127 views39 pages
    Flight control surfaces like ailerons, elevators, and rudders control the aircraft's movement around its three axes. Primary control surfaces provide the main aerodynamic forces for controlling the aircraft in flight. Secondary controls like flaps and slats augment lift during takeoff and landing. Trim tabs help balance aircraft forces without pilot effort. As aircraft grew larger, power-assisted hydraulic systems were needed to control surfaces, with mechanical linkages still connecting pilots to hydraulic valves.

    Original Description:

    general description various flight control mechanisms

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    Flight control surfaces like ailerons, elevators, and rudders control the aircraft's movement around its three axes. Primary control surfaces provide the main aerodynamic forces for controlling the aircraft in flight. Secondary controls like flaps and slats augment lift during takeoff and landing. Trim tabs help balance aircraft forces without pilot effort. As aircraft grew larger, power-assisted hydraulic systems were needed to control surfaces, with mechanical linkages still connecting pilots to hydraulic valves.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    127 views39 pages

    Flight Control Surface

    Uploaded by

    vipin murali
    Flight control surfaces like ailerons, elevators, and rudders control the aircraft's movement around its three axes. Primary control surfaces provide the main aerodynamic forces for controlling the aircraft in flight. Secondary controls like flaps and slats augment lift during takeoff and landing. Trim tabs help balance aircraft forces without pilot effort. As aircraft grew larger, power-assisted hydraulic systems were needed to control surfaces, with mechanical linkages still connecting pilots to hydraulic valves.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 39

    FLIGHT CONTROL

    SURFACES
    INTRODUCTION

    • Flight control surfaces are responsible for


    directional control.
    • Directional control is achieved about three axes,
    i.e. lateral, longitudinal and vertical.
    • The control devices are hinged or movable
    surfaces.
    • Control surfaces controls the attitude of an
    aircraft during take-off, flight and landing.
    INTRODUCTION

    Flight control surfaces are divided into two major


    groups:

     Primary or main flight control surfaces

     Secondary or auxiliary control surfaces


    PRIMARY FLIGHT
    CONTROLS
    • The primary flight controls provide the
    aerodynamic force necessary to make the
    aircraft follow a desired flight path.
    • These surfaces are used for controlling the
    aircraft about its three axes.
    • It includes:
     Ailerons
     Elevator
     Rudder
    PRIMARY FLIGHT
    CONTROLS
    PRIMARY FLIGHT
    CONTROLS
    PRIMARY FLIGHT
    CONTROLS
    • Ailerons & Elevators are operated from flight
    deck by means of a control stick.
    • Rudder is also operated from flight deck with the
    help of rudder pedals.
    • Longitudinal control is climb and dive movement
    that is controlled by the elevator
    • Lateral control is the banking movement
    controlled by ailerons.
    • Directional control about vertical axis or yaw of
    an aircraft is controlled by the rudder.
    SECONDARY FLIGHT
    CONTROLS
    • A series of secondary flight controls are
    employed to augment the flight performance
    during take-off and landing.
    • Secondary flight controls includes:
     Spoilers
     Speed brakes
     Slats
     Flaps
    SECONDARY FLIGHT
    CONTROLS
    TRIM CONTROLS
    • Trim systems assist the crew in controlling the
    aircraft.
    • It may also be used to control aircraft during
    emergencies.
    • It includes:
     Trim tabs
     Servo tabs
     Balance tabs
     Spring tabs
    SECONDARY FLIGHT
    CONTROLS
    TRIM CONTROLS
    Trim Tab:
     These are small
    airfoils recessed into
    the trailing edges of
    the primary control
    surfaces
     Their purpose is to trim
    out any unbalanced
    condition that may
    exist during flight
    without exerting any
    pressure on the PFC.
    SECONDARY FLIGHT
    CONTROLS
    TRIM CONTROLS
    Servo Tab:
     Also referred as
    flight tabs, are
    used primarily on
    the large PCS.
     They aid in
    moving PCS and
    holding it in
    desired position.
    SECONDARY FLIGHT
    CONTROLS
    TRIM CONTROLS
    Balance Tab:
     These are designed
    to move in opposite
    direction of the
    PCS.
     In this way
    aerodynamic forces
    acting on the tab
    assist in moving the
    PCS
    SECONDARY FLIGHT
    CONTROLS
    TRIM CONTROLS
    Spring Tab:
     These are similar
    in appearance to
    trim tabs.
     They are used for
    the same purpose
    as hydraulic
    actuators i.e. to
    aid in moving the
    PCS.
    HIGH LIFT DEVICES
    • It includes flaps and slats.
    • They may be used independently or in
    combination to improve the performance of the
    aircraft.
    • Flaps increase the wing surface area.
    • These airfoils are retractable and fair into the
    wing contour.
    • Slats also increase the surface area as well as
    creates a slot.
    HIGH LIFT DEVICES
    CONTROL SYSTEM
    OPERATION
    The various types of flight control systems are as
    follows:
     Mechanical control system
     Hydro-mechanical control system
     Electrical control system
     Pneumatic control system
     Fly By Wire control
     Fly By Optics control
     Fly By Wireless control
    CONTROL SYSTEM
    OPERATION
    MECHANICAL CONTROL
    • This is the basic type of system that was used to
    control early aircraft.
    • The controls are mechanical and manually
    operated by the pilot.
    • It is currently used in smaller aircraft where
    aerodynamic forces acting on the controls are
    not excessive.
    CONTROL SYSTEM
    OPERATION
    The mechanical control system includes:
     Cables
     Push-Pull tubes
     Bell cranks
     Levers
     Jackscrew
     Cable drums
     Torque tubes
    CONTROL SYSTEM
    OPERATION
    Control Cables:
    • Control cables used in aviation are typically 7 × 7
    and 7 × 19 flexible steel wires.
    • These cables are strong in tension but does not
    have enough strength when in compression.
    • Control cables may run the entire length from
    pilot’s control mechanism to the control surface.
    • Other cables may run from the pilot’s control
    mechanism to hydraulic valves or actuators.
    CONTROL SYSTEM
    OPERATION
    Control Cables:
    • Pulleys are used to for change of direction or for
    cable support.
    • Fairleads are also used to guide control cables.
    • Cable guides are used to protect cables from
    damage.
    • Seals are used in those areas where cables
    extend from pressurized portion to unpressurized
    areas.
    CONTROL SYSTEM
    OPERATION
    Control Cables:
    • Turnbuckles are normally included in the cable
    system for setting cable tension and serving as
    disconnect points.
    • Turnbuckles are threaded devices that have one
    end with RH threads and opposite end with LH
    threads.
    CONTROL SYSTEM
    OPERATION
    Control Cables:
    CONTROL SYSTEM
    OPERATION
    Push-Pull Tubes:
    • Push-Pull tubes are able to transmit force in
    either direction.
    • It may be solid or hollow.
    • The ends attached to the push-pull rods may be
    fixed or adjustable.
    CONTROL SYSTEM
    OPERATION
    Bellcranks & Levers:
    • Bellcranks are
    constructed so that a
    series of levers are
    able to receive an
    input signal and deliver
    an output.
    • The output from a
    lever or Bellcranks
    may amplify the input
    or vice-versa.
    • Generally bellcranks
    change the direction of
    movement.
    CONTROL SYSTEM
    OPERATION
    Jackscrews:
    • Jackscrews are
    commonly employed
    for moving surfaces
    that experience
    extreme aerodynamic
    loads.
    • Jackscrews are
    threaded units that
    convert rotary motion
    into linear travel.
    CONTROL SYSTEM
    OPERATION
    Torque Tubes:
    • Torque tubes apply
    torsional, or rotating,
    motion to a member
    of the control
    system.
    • Torque tubes apply
    torsional, or rotating,
    motion to a member
    of the control system
    CONTROL SYSTEM
    OPERATION
    HYDROMECHANICAL CONTROL
    • As the size, complexity and speed of aircraft
    increases, a power assisted (hydraulic) control
    system was implemented.
    • Conventional cable or push-pull tube systems
    link the flight deck controls with the hydraulic
    system.
    • This control system provides a mechanical
    advantage to the pilot.
    CONTROL SYSTEM
    OPERATION
    HYDROMECHANICAL CONTROL
    • Because of the mechanical advantage the pilot
    cannot feel the aerodynamic forces acting on the
    control surfaces.
    • To overcome this problem, artificial feel system is
    incorporated.
    CONTROL SYSTEM
    OPERATION
    CONTROL SYSTEM
    OPERATION
    CONTROL SYSTEM
    OPERATION
    CONTROL SYSTEM
    OPERATION

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