This document discusses computer aided quality control inspection methods, including contact and non-contact methods. Contact methods like coordinate measuring machines physically contact the workpiece. Non-contact methods like machine vision, scanning laser beams, and photogrammetry inspect workpieces without physical contact using techniques like light sensing, time measurement, and stereoscopic image analysis. Machine vision uses cameras, computers and software to analyze digital images for inspection. Scanning laser beams measure the time light beams are interrupted to determine dimensions. Photogrammetry extracts 3D data from stereo image pairs. Non-contact methods avoid issues like workpiece damage and are often faster than contact inspection.
This document discusses computer aided quality control inspection methods, including contact and non-contact methods. Contact methods like coordinate measuring machines physically contact the workpiece. Non-contact methods like machine vision, scanning laser beams, and photogrammetry inspect workpieces without physical contact using techniques like light sensing, time measurement, and stereoscopic image analysis. Machine vision uses cameras, computers and software to analyze digital images for inspection. Scanning laser beams measure the time light beams are interrupted to determine dimensions. Photogrammetry extracts 3D data from stereo image pairs. Non-contact methods avoid issues like workpiece damage and are often faster than contact inspection.
This document discusses computer aided quality control inspection methods, including contact and non-contact methods. Contact methods like coordinate measuring machines physically contact the workpiece. Non-contact methods like machine vision, scanning laser beams, and photogrammetry inspect workpieces without physical contact using techniques like light sensing, time measurement, and stereoscopic image analysis. Machine vision uses cameras, computers and software to analyze digital images for inspection. Scanning laser beams measure the time light beams are interrupted to determine dimensions. Photogrammetry extracts 3D data from stereo image pairs. Non-contact methods avoid issues like workpiece damage and are often faster than contact inspection.
This document discusses computer aided quality control inspection methods, including contact and non-contact methods. Contact methods like coordinate measuring machines physically contact the workpiece. Non-contact methods like machine vision, scanning laser beams, and photogrammetry inspect workpieces without physical contact using techniques like light sensing, time measurement, and stereoscopic image analysis. Machine vision uses cameras, computers and software to analyze digital images for inspection. Scanning laser beams measure the time light beams are interrupted to determine dimensions. Photogrammetry extracts 3D data from stereo image pairs. Non-contact methods avoid issues like workpiece damage and are often faster than contact inspection.
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Unit-5
COMPUTER AIDED QUALITY
CONTROL by V. Kula Sekhar Reddy Assistant Professor Department of Mechanical Engineering Swarnandhra college of Engineering and Technology Inspection methods 1. Contact Inspection Methods a. Coordinate measuring Machining (CMM) b. Machine Vision 2. Non Contact Inspection Methods i. Optical Techniques a. Machine Vision b. Scanning laser Beam device c. Photogrammetry ii. Non-optical Techniques a. Electrical field technique Reluctance Capacitance Inductance b. Radiation Techniques c. Ultrasonics Contact Inspection Methods The Equipment contact with workpiece when inspection Coordinate measuring Machining (CMM) • Consists a table, registered position and movable head which holds sensing probe (moves in x, y, z direction). • During operation the probe brought into contact with part surface to be measured. • Typical accuracy: ±0.0002 in (0.0051mm) • It is operated like NC machine tool • Saving inspection time up to 5-10% compared to traditional method • Consistency in the in inspection process Non Contact Inspection Methods Without contacting surface of work-part inspection completed Advantages over Contact type Inspection method 1. Eliminates repositioning of work-part 2. Faster than contact type 3. No wear and tear 4. Reduces potential danger to people 5. Eliminate the damage of surface of work-part Optical Techniques • It is a dominant technique in non contact type • It generally depends on micro electric technique and computer processing of sensing signal • The following systems use some form light sensor or photo sensitive material a. Machine Vision b. Scanning laser Beam device c. Photogrammetry Machine Vision • Microprocessor-based television and computer vision. • Consists of a TV camera, a digital computer, and an interface between them that functions as a pre-processor • The combination of system hardware and software digitizes the picture and analyses the image by comparing it with data stored in memory • The data are often in the form of a limited number of models of the objects which are to be inspected limitations of machine vision 1. Problem of dividing the picture into picture elements. This is very similar to the problem encountered in the development of graphics terminals for computer-aided design. 2. The object in front of the camera must be capable of being divided into areas of contrasting lightness and darkness. 3. On the capability of machine vision systems recognize the object in the viewing area. Machine vision inspection problems 1. Noncontact gaging of dimensions 2. Inspection based on pattern recognition of object features Machine vision inspection problems 1. Noncontact gaging of dimensions It involves the inspection of part size and other features where it is not necessary to process the image of the entire part out line, only those portions that must be examined for dimensional accuracy. 2. Inspection based on pattern recognition of object features It is based on pattern recognition techniques. In this category, the attributes of the object to be inspected are typically more subjective and in some respects more complicated than part dimensions. comparison of features (for example, area, perimeter, and so on) between the object being inspected and the model of the object stored in computer memory. Scanning laser beam devices • It relies on the measurement of time rather than light • A laser is used to project a continuous thin beam of light • A rotating mirror deflects the beam so that it sweeps across the object to be measured • The light sensor is located at the focal point of the lens system to detect the interruption of the light beam as it is blocked by the object • The time lapse corresponding to the interruption of the light beam is measured to determine the desired dimension of the part • Typically, a microprocessor is programmed to make the conversion of the time lapse into a dimensional value and to perform other functions, such as signalling an automatic parts-rejection mechanism to eject a defective part from the line. Photogrammetry • Photogrammetry involves the extraction of three-dimensional data from a pair of photographs taken at different angles • The two photographs can be combined much in the way that a stereoscope uses a pair of photographs to form a three-dimensional image for the viewer. • The two photographs are read by a device called a monocomparator to establish coordinates and positions of objects • The drawback of the conventional photogrammetry technique is the need for photographs, an inconvenient and time-consuming step in the procedure. • the images Freire two cameras set up in a stereoscopic configuration will send visual data directly to a computer for mathematical analysis and real-time extraction of dimensional data