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    Photoelectric Devices

    Uploaded by

    Jawad Sandhu
    The document discusses the photoelectric effect and photoelectric devices. When light shines on certain materials like metals, it can eject electrons, known as photoelectrons. Photons are particles of light that carry energy. Photoelectric devices use this effect and can include photoemissive cells that eject electrons when light hits a photosensitive cathode, photoconductive cells where conductivity varies with light, and photovoltaic cells that convert sunlight to electricity using a pn junction. Common applications include light dependent resistors, automatic street lights, burglar alarms, and photoelectric smoke detectors.

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    Photoelectric Devices

    Uploaded by

    Jawad Sandhu
    463 views10 pages
    The document discusses the photoelectric effect and photoelectric devices. When light shines on certain materials like metals, it can eject electrons, known as photoelectrons. Photons are particles of light that carry energy. Photoelectric devices use this effect and can include photoemissive cells that eject electrons when light hits a photosensitive cathode, photoconductive cells where conductivity varies with light, and photovoltaic cells that convert sunlight to electricity using a pn junction. Common applications include light dependent resistors, automatic street lights, burglar alarms, and photoelectric smoke detectors.

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    The document discusses the photoelectric effect and photoelectric devices. When light shines on certain materials like metals, it can eject electrons, known as photoelectrons. Photons are particles of light that carry energy. Photoelectric devices use this effect and can include photoemissive cells that eject electrons when light hits a photosensitive cathode, photoconductive cells where conductivity varies with light, and photovoltaic cells that convert sunlight to electricity using a pn junction. Common applications include light dependent resistors, automatic street lights, burglar alarms, and photoelectric smoke detectors.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    463 views10 pages

    Photoelectric Devices

    Uploaded by

    Jawad Sandhu
    The document discusses the photoelectric effect and photoelectric devices. When light shines on certain materials like metals, it can eject electrons, known as photoelectrons. Photons are particles of light that carry energy. Photoelectric devices use this effect and can include photoemissive cells that eject electrons when light hits a photosensitive cathode, photoconductive cells where conductivity varies with light, and photovoltaic cells that convert sunlight to electricity using a pn junction. Common applications include light dependent resistors, automatic street lights, burglar alarms, and photoelectric smoke detectors.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 10

    PHOTOELECTRIC

    DEVICES
    What is photoelectric Effect?
    • When light shines on a metal, electrons can be ejected from the surface of the metal in
    a phenomenon known as the photoelectric effect

    Photoelectrons

    • The electrons that are ejected from the metal due to photoelectric effect are called
    photoelectrons
    Photon:
    • A photon is a particle of light defined as a discrete bundle of
    light energy.
    What happens when light strikes certain
    light-sensitive materials?
    • It may cause them to give electrons.
    • It may change their ability to conduct electricity.
    • It may cause them to develop an electrical potential, or voltage across two surfaces.
    ( These are called photoelectric devices.)
    Types of Photoelectric cells:
    1. Photo Emissive cell :
    • Consists of two electrodes : cathode and
    anode
    • Cathode is coated with photo sensitive
    material like sodium, potassium or cesium
    • Anode is just a wire made of nickel or
    platinum
    • When light is exposed to cathode, electrons
    ejects and collected at anode
    2. Photoconductive cell
    It’s electrical conductivity varies
    when exposed to light energy. It
    uses the semiconductor material
    like cadmium selenide, Ge, Se, as
    a photo sensing element.

    Conduction Band

    Valance Band
    Photo Voltaic Cell (PV)

    The key feature of a PV cell is the pn junction. The photovoltaic effect is the basic physical
    process by which a PV cell converts sunlight into electricity. Sunlight contains photons or “packets”
    of energy sufficient to create electron-hole pairs in the n and p regions. When an external load is
    connected, the electrons flow through the semiconductor material and provide current to the
    external load.
    Applications of Photo Conductive cell :
    1. Light Dependent Resistor :
    When exposed to light resistance
    decreases. When dark resistance is high Automatic street light

    Used in automatic street light, alarm


    devices at detector of beam light
    Burglar Alarm/Automatic Door Opening

    Load

    When exposed to light, photo circuit is


    Electro
    magnetic ON and main circuit is OFF. When
    Material someone cuts the light signal. Photo
    circuit stopes working and main circuit
    turns ON
    Photoelectric Smoke Detector

    Photoelectric smoke detectors


    therefore use light in a different way.
    Inside the smoke detector there is a
    light and a sensor, but they are
    positioned at 90-degree angles to
    one another. In the normal case, the
    light from the light source on the left
    shoots straight across and misses
    the sensor.

    When smoke enters the chamber,


    however, the smoke particles
    scatter the light and some amount
    of light hits the sensor:

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