SCRs are 4-layer power semiconductor switches that can efficiently control and regulate large amounts of power using low control power. SCRs include silicon controlled rectifiers, gate turn-off thyristors, triacs, diacs, and more. SCRs are commonly used in power electronics due to their fast switching, small size, and high voltage/current ratings. SCRs have 3 terminals - anode, cathode, and gate. Applying a positive pulse to the gate turns the SCR on when the anode is positive with respect to the cathode. Removing the anode current turns the SCR off. SCRs can be connected in series and parallel to increase voltage and current ratings for high power applications
SCRs are 4-layer power semiconductor switches that can efficiently control and regulate large amounts of power using low control power. SCRs include silicon controlled rectifiers, gate turn-off thyristors, triacs, diacs, and more. SCRs are commonly used in power electronics due to their fast switching, small size, and high voltage/current ratings. SCRs have 3 terminals - anode, cathode, and gate. Applying a positive pulse to the gate turns the SCR on when the anode is positive with respect to the cathode. Removing the anode current turns the SCR off. SCRs can be connected in series and parallel to increase voltage and current ratings for high power applications
SCRs are 4-layer power semiconductor switches that can efficiently control and regulate large amounts of power using low control power. SCRs include silicon controlled rectifiers, gate turn-off thyristors, triacs, diacs, and more. SCRs are commonly used in power electronics due to their fast switching, small size, and high voltage/current ratings. SCRs have 3 terminals - anode, cathode, and gate. Applying a positive pulse to the gate turns the SCR on when the anode is positive with respect to the cathode. Removing the anode current turns the SCR off. SCRs can be connected in series and parallel to increase voltage and current ratings for high power applications
SCRs are 4-layer power semiconductor switches that can efficiently control and regulate large amounts of power using low control power. SCRs include silicon controlled rectifiers, gate turn-off thyristors, triacs, diacs, and more. SCRs are commonly used in power electronics due to their fast switching, small size, and high voltage/current ratings. SCRs have 3 terminals - anode, cathode, and gate. Applying a positive pulse to the gate turns the SCR on when the anode is positive with respect to the cathode. Removing the anode current turns the SCR off. SCRs can be connected in series and parallel to increase voltage and current ratings for high power applications
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Submitted by:- MANOJ
EL-4300-2K16 Silicon Controlled Rectifiers (SCR) Power Semiconductor Switches
Power Diodes Power Transistors Thyristors
2 layer device 3 layer Device 4 layer Device
Thyristor devices can convert and control large amounts of power in AC
or DC systems while using very low power for control. Thyristor family includes 1- Silicon controlled switch (SCR) 2- Gate-turnoff thyristor (GTO) 3- Triac 4- Diac 5- Silicon controlled switch (SCS) 6- Mos-controlled switch (MCT) INTRODUCTION SCR is most popular of thyristor family due to its Fast switching action , small size and high voltage and current ratings. It is commonly used in power electronic applications.
SCR has 3 terminals (gate provides control)
SCR is turned on by applying +ve gate signal
when anode is +ve with repect to cathode.
SCR is turned off by interrupting anode
current. PNPN structure Symbol Two Transistor Model Of SCR
Gate requires small positive pulse for short duration
to turn SCR on. Once the device is on, the gate signal serves no useful purpose and can be removed. SCR Characteristic Curve Ideal Characteristic Of SCR Conduction Angle
Duration for which SCR is on. It is
measured as shown SCR Ratings (a) SCR Current Ratings 1- Maximum Repetitive RMS current Rating Average on-state current is the maximum average current value that can be carried by the SCR in its on state. RMS value of nonsinusoidal waveform is simplified by approximating it by rectangular waveform. This approximation give higher RMS value, but leaves slight safety factor. 2. Surge Current Rating Peak anode current that SCR can handle for brief duration.
3. Latching current Minimum anode current that must flow through the SCR in order for it to stay on initially after gate signal is removed.
4. Holding Current Minimum value of anode current, required to maintain SCR in conducting state. (b) SCR Voltage Ratings 1. Peak repetitive forward blocking voltage: Maximum instantaneous voltage that SCR can block in forward direction. 2. Peak Repetitive Reverse Voltage Maximum instantaneous voltage that SCR can withstand, without breakdown, in reverse direction. 3. Non-repetitive peak reverse voltage Maximum transient reverse voltage that SCR can withstand. (c) SCR Rate-of-Change Ratings 1. (di/dt rating) Critical rate of rise of on-state current. It is the rate at which anode current increases and must be less than rate at which conduction area increases. To prevent damage to SCR by high di/dt value, small inductance is added in series with device. Vaue of required inductance is L>= Vp (di/dt)max 2. dv/dt rating Maximum rise time of a voltage pulse that can be applied to the SCR in the off state without causing it to fire. Unscheduled firing due to high value of dv/dt can be prevented by using RC snubber circuit. Series and Parallel SCR Connections SCRs are connected in series and parallel to extend voltage and current ratings.
For high-voltage, high-current
applications, series-parallel combinations of SCRs are used. SCRs in Series Unequal distribution of voltage across two series SCRs. Two SCRs do not share the same supply voltage. Maximum voltage that SCRs can block is V1+V2, not 2VBO. SCRs In Parallel Unequal current sharing between two SCRs is shown: Total rated current of parallel connection is I1+I2, not 2I2. With unmatched SCRs, equal current sharing is achieved by adding low value resistor or inductor in series with each SCR, as shown below. Value of resistance R is obtained from: R=V1-V2 I2-I1 SCR Gate-Triggering Circuits
TYPES OF GATE FIRING SIGNALS
1. DC signals 2. Pulse signals 3. AC signals SCR trigger circuits using UJT oscillator SCR trigger circuit using DIAC SCR Turnoff (Commutation) Circuits What is Commutation? The process of turning off an SCR is called commutation.
It is achieved by: Reducing anode current below holding current Make anode negative with respect to cathode
Types of commutation are:
1. Natural or line commutation 2. Forced commutation SCR Turnoff Methods 1. Diverting the anode current to an alternate path
2. Shorting the SCR from anode to cathode
3. Applying a reverse voltage (by making the
cathode positive with respect to the anode) across the SCR
4. Forcing the anode current to zero for a brief
period
5. Opening the external path from its anode supply
voltage
6. Momentarily reducing supply voltage to zero
Other members of Thyristor Family 1. Silicon Controlled Switch (SCS)
