Art Appreciation
Art Appreciation
Art Appreciation
MARBLE
IVORY WOOD
Kinds of Sculpture
• Relief – these are the sculptures which are identifies as embossed sculptures in which images are
set against a flat background.
• Alto relievo (Italian for “high relief”) the figures are sculptured partly or wholly in the round, that
is, they project entirely, or almost entirely, from the surfacr of the block in which they are cut.
• Basso-relievo(Italian for low-relief; French, bas-relief) is a form of surface-ornamentation in which
the projection is very slight.
• Free-Standing – this is the kind of sculpture in the round such as statues and monuments which are
either scaled or done in life size.
• Kinetic or Mobile Sculptures – these are identified as moving sculptures which in some cases are
suspended in air to move.
• Processes in Sculpture
• Molding – this is the additive wherein the building up of form is done to complete the artwork.
• Carving – this is the subtracting method wherein the removal of the unnecessary portions of the
material used is done.
• Fabrication – this is the putting-together-process wherein welding is an example.
• Casting – this is setting up the negative mold in order to produce the positive mold.
Historical Background of Sculpture
Pre-Historic Sculpture
• the primitive people produced the so called
fertility statues. It has been described as
giving emphasis on the female sexual
attributes. It emphasizes the women’s wide
hips and opulent breasts. Primitive men made
this for fear of extinction and it will remind
them to go on and on to produce more
offspring.
Egyptian Sculpture
• the sphinx is the most popular piece in Egypt.
It is a huge sculpture which is described as the
human head with a body of a croaching lion.
The head of the Sphinx is symbolic of the
pharaoh, the mighty reler of Egypt, and the
body of the croaching lion is symbolic of the
mighty country Egypt. Therefore it symbolizes
the mighty strengths and protective power of
Egypt.
Greek Sculpture
• the Golden Age of Athens was the complete
fulfillment of the term classic for it was the
culmination of the ideals of the time and of the
ancient world as well. It falls into four classes:
• Sculptures created without regard to their
ultimate location or method of display. Free
standing.
• Statues identified as kore otherwise known as
female standing sculpture.
• Statues identified as kouros otherwise known a
male standing sculpture.
• Sculptures designed as ornaments for specific
positions.
Roman Sculpture
• Given the Etruscan descendant of
naturalism, Roman portraiture set an early
standard of excellence that became the model
for the whole Western tradition. It falls into
two classes: portraits and historical relief.
Both reflect the highly developed Roman taste
of realism.
Baroque Sculpture
• A restless, dynamic style with its diagonals
and floating curved lines, its striking
chiaroscuro, and it’s sensuous textural effects.
Gian Lorenzo Bernini was the Baroque artist
par excellence. His known sculpture is the
“Ecstasy of St. Therese.”
Ecstasy of St. Therese
Byzantine Sculpture
• Sculptured relief during the Byzantine was
used to adorn magnificent palaces and
churches. It is the richest expression of
Christian dogma.
Renaissance Sculpture
• It showed some traces of classical influence in
the pulpits of the Cathedrals of Pisa and
Sienna. The great master of this period is
Michaelangelo. His masterpiece was the
“Pieta” today a treasure of St. Peter’s in
Rome.
Pieta
ARCHITECTURE
The art and science of building and erecting
buildings.
• History of Architecture
When did man start building houses?
From caves, to branches, to wigwarms,
huts, concrete houses, etc.
The Stonehenge
• Stonehenge, a circular arrangement of large
stones located near Salisbury, England, was a
ritual monument for prehistoric peoples. It
was built between 3000 and 1000 BC. Little is
known about Stonehenge’s function, but
many scholars believe that its structure
allowed its builders to predict solstices,
equinoxes, eclipses, and other events of the
solar calendar.
The Roman Colosseum
• Colosseum, largest and most famous ancient Roman
amphitheater. The structure was originally called
Flavian Amphitheater. Modifications and restorations
necessitated by fires and earthquakes were made to
the Colosseum until the early 6th century. In
succeeding centuries the Colosseum suffered from
neglect, earthquakes, and damage done by builders.
Still, slightly more than one-third of the outer arcades,
comprising a number of the arches on the north side,
remain standing. The seating capacity of the
Colosseum is believed by modern scholars to have
been about 50,000.
The Pyramids of Giza
• The ancient Egyptians built more than 90 royal pyramids, from
about 2630BC until about 1530 BC. During that time, the pyramid
form evolved from a series of stepped terraces that resembled the
layers of a wedding cake to the better known, sloped pyramidal
shaped. The first pyramid, the Step Pyramid at Saqqarah, was
constructed during the reign of King Djoser (2630 BC-2611 BC). The
largest pyramid is the one built for King Khufu, at the site of
modern Giza. Khufu’s pyramid, known as the Great Pyramid, is the
only one of the Seven Wonders of the World that still survives.
• Egyptian pyramids served as tombs for king and queens, but they
were also places of ongoing religious activity. After a ruler died, his
or her body was carefully treated and wrapped to preserve it as a
mummy. According to ancient Egyptian belief, the pyramid, where
the mummy was placed, provided a place for the monarch to pass
into the afterlife. Encarta
The Parthenon