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    Cochran'S Q Test: Melecio M. Panganiban II MPA-MBAN 1105

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    Elle Panganiban
    Cochran's Q test is used to determine if there are differences in the proportions of a dichotomous dependent variable between three or more related groups. It can be considered similar to a repeated measures ANOVA but for dichotomous data. The test is commonly used to analyze longitudinal and multiple trial study designs. It assumes a dichotomous dependent variable, three or more related categorical groups as the independent variable, random sampling, and a sufficiently large sample size. If significant, it indicates proportions differ between groups.

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    Cochran'S Q Test: Melecio M. Panganiban II MPA-MBAN 1105

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    Elle Panganiban
    132 views21 pages
    Cochran's Q test is used to determine if there are differences in the proportions of a dichotomous dependent variable between three or more related groups. It can be considered similar to a repeated measures ANOVA but for dichotomous data. The test is commonly used to analyze longitudinal and multiple trial study designs. It assumes a dichotomous dependent variable, three or more related categorical groups as the independent variable, random sampling, and a sufficiently large sample size. If significant, it indicates proportions differ between groups.

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    Non-parametric Test

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    Cochran q Test

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    Cochran's Q test is used to determine if there are differences in the proportions of a dichotomous dependent variable between three or more related groups. It can be considered similar to a repeated measures ANOVA but for dichotomous data. The test is commonly used to analyze longitudinal and multiple trial study designs. It assumes a dichotomous dependent variable, three or more related categorical groups as the independent variable, random sampling, and a sufficiently large sample size. If significant, it indicates proportions differ between groups.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    132 views21 pages

    Cochran'S Q Test: Melecio M. Panganiban II MPA-MBAN 1105

    Uploaded by

    Elle Panganiban
    Cochran's Q test is used to determine if there are differences in the proportions of a dichotomous dependent variable between three or more related groups. It can be considered similar to a repeated measures ANOVA but for dichotomous data. The test is commonly used to analyze longitudinal and multiple trial study designs. It assumes a dichotomous dependent variable, three or more related categorical groups as the independent variable, random sampling, and a sufficiently large sample size. If significant, it indicates proportions differ between groups.

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    of 21

    COCHRAN’S

    Q TEST
    Melecio M. Panganiban II
    MPA-MBAN 1105
    COCHRAN’S Q TEST
    • used to determine if there are differences on a
    dichotomous dependent variable between three or
    more related groups.
    • can be considered to be similar to the one-way
    repeated measures ANOVA, but for a dichotomous
    rather than a continuous dependent variable, or as
    an extension of McNemar's test.
    • is commonly used to analyze longitudinal study
    designs, as well as being used when analyzing
    participants that have undergone multiple different
    trials (a.k.a. treatments/conditions).
    EXAMPLE 1
    • Determine whether the proportion of participants
    who had low self-esteem (as opposed to high self-
    esteem) decreased after a series of three
    counseling sessions (i.e., your dependent variable
    would be "level of self-esteem", which has two
    categories: "low" and "high", measured at four
    time points: "before the first counseling session",
    "after the second counseling session", "after the
    third counseling session" and "after the final
    counseling session").
    EXAMPLE 2
    • Determine whether the proportion of
    female participants who felt safe (yes or
    no) differed when carrying mace, an alarm
    or nothing at all (i.e., the dependent
    variable would be "sense of safety",
    which has two categories: "safe" or "not
    safe", measured across three
    treatments/conditions: "mace", "alarm"
    and "nothing").
    RESULTS BASED ON
    THE TEST
    • You will either get a…
    – statistically significant result or a…
    – non-statistically significant result.
    RESULTS BASED ON
    THE TEST
    • If your result is not statistically significant, it
    indicates that the percentages/proportions at
    the different time points or under the different
    treatments/conditions are the same in the
    population.
    • If you did get a statistically significant result,
    you will probably want to follow up your
    Cochran's Q test with a post hoc analysis
    THE TEST IN
    SUMMARY
    ASSUMPTIONS
    1. You have one dependent variable with two, mutually
    exclusive groups (i.e., the variable is dichotomous).
    2. You have one independent variable that consists of
    three or more categorical, related groups (i.e., your
    independent variable is an ordinal or nominal
    variable).
    3. The cases (e.g., participants) are a random sample
    from the population of interest.
    4. Your sample size is sufficiently large that you can
    interpret the asymptotic p-value produced by
    Cochran's Q test (i.e., a p-value is the value that you
    consult to determine if there is a statistically
    significant difference in proportions between your
    three or more related groups).
    ASSUMPTION #1
    • You have one dependent variable with two,
    mutually exclusive groups (i.e., the variable is
    dichotomous).
    e.g. Exam performance – “Pass" and “Fail”
    Preferred brand – “Brand A" and “Brand B”
    Marry at 30 – “Yes” and “No”
    Level of Exhaustion – “Low” and “High”
    Use of Safety Equipment – “Uses…” and
    “Doesn’t use…”
    ASSUMPTION #1
    • Mutually exclusive means that a participant
    cannot be in more than one group at the same
    time.
    • A participant could only be one of the two – not
    both – at the same time.
    ASSUMPTION #2
    • You have one independent variable that consists of
    three or more categorical, related groups (i.e.,
    your independent variable is an ordinal or
    nominal variable).
    e.g. Likert Scale (ordinal variable)
    a 7-point scale from "strongly agree"
    through to "strongly disagree“

    Physical Activity Level (ordinal variable)


    4 groups: sedentary, low, moderate and high
    ASSUMPTION #2
    e.g. Customers liking a product (ordinal… )
    ranging from "Not very much", to "It is OK",
    to "Yes, a lot“

    Ethnicity (nominal variable)


    “Caucasian”, “African-American” & “Hispanic”

    Profession (nominal variable)


    “Doctor”, “Nurse”, “Dentist”, “Therapist”
    ASSUMPTION #2
    • Related groups indicates that the three or
    more groups are not independent.
    • It is possible to have the same participants in
    each group when each participant has been
    measured on two or more occasions on the
    same dependent variable.
    ASSUMPTION #3
    • The cases (e.g., participants) are a random
    sample from the population of interest.
    However, in practice, this is not always how
    sampling takes place.
    ASSUMPTION #4
    • Your sample size is sufficiently large that you can
    interpret the asymptotic p-value produced by
    Cochran's Q test (i.e., a p-value is the value that
    you consult to determine if there is a statistically
    significant difference in proportions between your
    three or more related groups).
    • A p-value that is calculated using an approximation
    to the true distribution is called an asymptotic p-
    value.
    • If your sample size is inadequate, the asymptotic
    p-value may not be accurate, but you can run an
    "exact" version of Cochran's Q test that will
    generate a more accurate exact p-value.
    ASSUMPTION #4
    • Before you can carry out your analysis, you
    need to know whether your data has met or
    violated this sample size assumption. It is
    important not only because it affects whether
    you need to run the "standard" Cochran's Q
    test or an "exact" version of Cochran's Q test,
    but it also will determine what post hoc test
    you carry out (i.e., since there is more than one
    type of post hoc test you can carry out after
    running Cochran's Q test)
    EXAMPLE
    • A school teacher wanted to examine whether
    pass rates increased as students had more time
    to study. In this hypothetical study, 10 students
    were recruited to take part. All students were
    first given a "surprise exam" to test their
    current knowledge. They were then given a
    "mock exam" two weeks later before they took
    a "final exam" a further two weeks later.
    Students' performance in the exams were
    assessed in terms of a "pass" or "fail".
    EXAMPLE
    STUDENTS SURPRISE MOCK FINAL
    1 P F P
    2 F P P
    3 F P P
    4 F F P
    5 F P P
    6 F P P
    7 P P F
    8 P P P
    9 F F P
    10 F F P
    ASSUMPTIONS
    REFERENCES
    Cochran's Q Test. (2018, May 21). Retrieved from
    https://www.statisticshowto.datasciencecentral.com/cochrans-
    q-test/

    Statistics, L. (n.d.). Cochran's Q test using SPSS Statistics.


    Retrieved from https://statistics.laerd.com/spss-
    tutorials/cochrans-q-test-in-spss-statistics.php

    Statistical Software, N. C. S. S. (2019). Chapter 521 Cochran's Q


    Test. Retrieved from https://ncss-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com/wp-
    content/themes/ncss/pdf/Procedures/NCSS/Cochrans_Q_Test.p
    df

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aBbPizXB_lw
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pX5LgIk9gDs
    SALAMAT PO!

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