3chapter III
3chapter III
3chapter III
State 5:
Superheated vapor
T-v Diagram
“water boils at 100°C” (INCORECT)
“water boils at 100°C at 1 atm” (CORECT)
The temperature at which a pure substance
changes phase is called the saturation
temperature Tsat.
The pressure at which a pure substance
changes phase is called the saturation
pressure Psat.
@ 101.325 kPa, Tsat is 99.97°C.
@ 99.97°C, Psat is 101.325 kPa.
@ 100.00°C, Psat is 101.42 kPa.
More: see Saturation tables
liquid–vapor saturation curve
Psat = f(Tsat)
Variation of
the standard
atmospheric
pressure and
the boiling
(saturation)
temperature
of water with
altitude
Large energy is required to melt a solid or vaporize
a liquid.
The amount of energy absorbed or released during
a phase-change process is called the latent heat.
Latent heat of fusion is energy absorbed during
melting (= energy released during freezing).
Latent heat of vaporization is energy absorbed
during vaporization (= energy released during
condensation).
Latent heats depend on T or P of phase change.
@ 1 atm, latent heat of fusion of water is 333.7 kJ/kg
and latent heat of vaporization is 2256.5 kJ/kg.
T-v Diagram
T-v Diagram
T-v Diagram
P-v Diagram
P-v Diagram
Including
Solid phase
P-v-T Surface
P-v Diagram
WATER
P-v-T Surface
For WATER
Under some conditions: all three phases of a pure
substance coexist in equilibrium.
On P-v or T-v diagrams, these triple-phase states
form a line called the triple line.
The states on the triple line of a substance have
the same P and T but different v.
On the P-T diagrams triple line appears as a
point, therefore, is called the triple point.
No substance can exist in the liquid phase in
stable equilibrium at P < Ptp.
Water: 0.01°C,
0.6117 kPa