Basic Concepts and Issues On Human Development: Dr. Rowena M. Cuevillas Professor

BASIC CONCEPTS
AND ISSUES ON
HUMAN
DEVELOPMENT
DR. ROWENA M. CUEVILLAS
PROFESSOR
HUMAN
DEVELOPMENT
 Human Development is the pattern of movement or

change that begins at conception and continues through
the life span.
 Development includes growth and decline. ( development
can be positive or negative)
 This starts out with the formation of a baby at the prenatal
stage of development and then follows with the physical
and motor development of infants, children, adolescence,
adulthood, and old age.
HUMAN
DEVELOPMENT
 This also talks about cognitive development (or
development of the mind) which is how we acquire the
ability to learn, think, communicate, and remember over
time.
 Also talks about social and moral development
(development of the personality).
 This part deals with how we learn between what is right
and wrong and how we learn to interact and form
relationships with others.
 Each stage of social and moral development, from baby to
adulthood, has its own challenges along the way.
HUMAN
DEVELOPMENT
 each part of development in humans (physical and motor,
cognitive, social and moral) is affected by a mixture of
both genetic and environmental factors, however the
degree to which these factors play a role in this
development is different for each person.
SOME MAJOR PRINCIPLE OF
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
1. Development is relatively orderly
 Proximodistal pattern – the muscular control of the trunks
and arms comes earlier as compared to hands and
fingers
 Cephalocaudal pattern – growth occurs at the top – in
infancy the head with physical growth in size, weight and
future differentiation gradually working it way down from
top to bottom (neck, shoulder, middle trunk and so on)
2. The pattern of development is likely to be similar, the
outcomes of development processes and the rate of
development are likely to vary individuals
Growth can be affected by internal (hereditary) and external
factors (external factors
3. Development takes place gradually.
 human development often it takes weeks, months, or years
for a person to undergo changes that result in the display
of developmental characteristics.
4. Development as a person is a complex because it is the
product of biological, cognitive and socio-emotional
processes.
 Biological processes – involves changes in the individual’s
physical nature.
o Examples: a person experience hormonal changes when
they reach the period of puberty, and cardiovascular
decline as they approach the late adulthood.
 Cognitive processes – involve changes in the individual’s
thought, intelligence, and language.
 Socio-emotional processes- includes changes in the
individual’s relationship with other people, changes in
emotions, and changes in personality.
 These biological, cognitive and socio-emotional
processes are inextricably intertwined.
 While these processes are studied separately, the effect of
one person or factors on a person’s development is not
isolated from the other processes.
 Example:
If Kenn and Paolo were undernourished and troubled by the
thought of the father and mother about to separate, they could
not concentrate on their studies and consequently would fail
and repeat.
As a consequences, they may lose face and drop out of
school, revert to illiteracy, become unskilled, unemployed and
so on…
See how a biological process, affects the cognitive process
which in turn, affects the socio-emotional process
TWO APPROACHES TO
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
1. Traditional development
 Extensive changes from birth to adolescence, little or no
change in adulthood and decline in late old age
2. Life-Span development
 Adulthood development change takes place as it does
during childhood
 Characteristics:
1. Development is lifelong .
 It does not end in adulthood. No development stage
dominates (control) development.
2. Development is multidimensioanal.
 Development consist of biological, cognitive and socio-
emotional dimensions
LIFE-SPAN DEVELOPMENT
3. Development is plastik.
 Development is possible throughout life-span.
4. Development is contextual.
 Individuals are changing in the changing world.
5. Development involves growth, maintenance and regulation.
 Growth, maintenance and regulation are the three goals of
human development
 The goals of every individual vary among developmental
stages
 As individual reach middle and late adulthood, concern for
growth gets into the back stage, while maintenance and
regulation take the center stage

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BASIC CONCEPTS

 Human Development is the pattern of movement or

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