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    Traffic Flow Theory

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    khinpaul
    The document discusses fundamentals of traffic flow, including types of flow (interrupted and uninterrupted), basic traffic flow variables like speed, volume, density, and time and space headways. It also defines peak hour factors and volumes, and provides examples of calculations for average speed, density, and peak hour traffic parameters.

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    Traffic Flow Theory

    Uploaded by

    khinpaul
    52 views13 pages
    The document discusses fundamentals of traffic flow, including types of flow (interrupted and uninterrupted), basic traffic flow variables like speed, volume, density, and time and space headways. It also defines peak hour factors and volumes, and provides examples of calculations for average speed, density, and peak hour traffic parameters.

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    Traffic

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    The document discusses fundamentals of traffic flow, including types of flow (interrupted and uninterrupted), basic traffic flow variables like speed, volume, density, and time and space headways. It also defines peak hour factors and volumes, and provides examples of calculations for average speed, density, and peak hour traffic parameters.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    52 views13 pages

    Traffic Flow Theory

    Uploaded by

    khinpaul
    The document discusses fundamentals of traffic flow, including types of flow (interrupted and uninterrupted), basic traffic flow variables like speed, volume, density, and time and space headways. It also defines peak hour factors and volumes, and provides examples of calculations for average speed, density, and peak hour traffic parameters.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 13

    TRAFFIC FLOW

    FUNDAMENTALS
    RYAN S. GUEVARRA
    Introduction to traffic flow theory

    A. Types of Flow
    • Uninterrupted – vehicles are not required to
    stop by any cause external to the traffic stream
    • Interrupted – vehicles are required to stop by
    cause outside the traffic stream, such as a traffic sign,
    or signal (usually at an at-grade intersection)
    B. Basic Traffic Flow Variables

    1. Speed (u) – rate of motion (length of road/time),


    [kilometers per hour]
    2 principal average speeds:

    1.Time mean speed (spot speed)


    average of speeds of vehicles passing a point during a
    given interval of time It is a common practice among traffic
    engineers to report the “spot speed” for a given location
    If 3 cars are traveling at constant speeds u1, u2, and u3:
    ut = ⅓ (u1 + u2 + u3)
    2. Space mean speed (harmonic mean speed)
    average speed of vehicles traversing a given
    length of road at an instant of time
    Considering again the 3 cars, the average travel time is:

    The space mean speed is computed as:


    us = D/t
    Example: 10 vehicles were observed with speeds
    of 40, 30, 35, 50, 42, 60, 63, 45, 48, and 52
    km/h. What is the average speed?

    Note Ut is usually higher than Us


    B. Basic Traffic Flow Variables

    2. Volume (q) – number of vehicles passing at a


    point or section of roadway per lane for a given time
    period (number of vehicles/time),

    [vehicles per hour ph, passenger car units per hour,


    vehicles per 15 minutes]

    – Flow rate – equivalent hourly flow expanded from sub-


    hourly volume count
    Example: The table gives a summary of 15min count of
    vehicles.

    Type 15 min Count PCEF


    Car/van 420 1

    Jeepney 300 1.5


    Bus 16 2.2

    Truck 28 2.4

    Estimate the flow rate in vehicles per hour


    a. Vehicles as counted
    Note that the count within
    b. By PCU (Passenger Car Unit) the 15 minute interval is
    assumed to be the same for
    other three 15 minute
    intervals
    B. Basic Traffic Flow Variables

    3. Density (k) – number of vehicles in a given length


    of roadway or lane at an instant of time (number of
    vehicles per length of roadway),
    [vehicles per kilometer]

    Fundamental equation relating speed, volume and density:

    q = us x k
    B. Basic Traffic Flow Variables

    Time headway – inverse of volume (1/q) [seconds]

    Space headway – inverse of density (1/k) [meters]


    Peak Hour

    Peak Hour Factor -the ratio of total hourly volume to the


    maximum rate of flow within the hour

    Peak Hour Volume – the total volume of traffic within the


    hour

    Design Hourly Volume – the ratio of Peak Hour Volume to


    the Peak Hour Factor
    Peak Hour

    Example:

    Compute the peak hour factor if the hourly volume


    of traffic is 1800 vehicles/hour and the highest 15
    min volume is 750.

    Note Number of 15 min in 1


    hour is 4.
    Problem

    The speeds of 25 cars were observed. 10 cars


    were noted to travel at 35kph, 8 cars at 40kph, 2
    cars at 50 kph , and 5 cars at 45kph. Assuming
    that each car was traveling at constant speed,
    and the total observation time is 60 sec.
    determine the
    a. time mean speed
    b. Space mean speed
    c. Density
    Problem

    The table shows a 15 min volume counts during the peak


    hour on an approach of an intersection. Determine the

    Time Volume of Traffic


    6:00-6:15 PM 375
    6:15-6:30 PM 380
    6:30-6:45 PM 412
    6:45-7:00 PM 390

    a. Peak Hour Volume


    b. Peak Hour Factor
    c. Design Hourly Volume (DHV)

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