Chpt14 Chemical Reaction (Combustion) Cengel & Boles
Chpt14 Chemical Reaction (Combustion) Cengel & Boles
Chpt14 Chemical Reaction (Combustion) Cengel & Boles
Boles
CHAPTER
14
Thermodynamics
Chemical
Reactions
Third
Edition
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Inc.,1998
14-1
Most Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels are
Obtained From Crude Oil Distillation
(fig. 14-1)
Çengel
Boles
Gasoline
Thermodynamics
Kerosene
Diesel fuel
CRUDE
OIL
Fuel oil
Third
Edition
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Inc.,1998
14-2 Each kmol of O2 in Air
is Accompanied by 3.76 kmol of N2
(Fig. 14-3)
Çengel
Boles
Thermodynamics
Third
Edition
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Inc.,1998
14-3
Çengel
Boles
Thermodynamics
Reaction
chamber
Third
Edition
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Inc.,1998
14-4
Çengel
Boles
Thermodynamics
Combustion
chamber
AF =17
Third
Edition
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Inc.,1998
14-5
Completion of the Combustion
Process
The combustion process is complete if all the combustable components in
the fuel are burned to completion
Çengel
Boles
Thermodynamics
Combustion
chamber
Third
Edition
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Inc.,1998
14-6
Theoretical Combustion
The complete combustion process with no free oxygen in the products is
called theoretical combustion
Çengel
Boles
Thermodynamics
Third
Edition
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Inc.,1998
14-7
(Fig. 14-14)
Çengel
Boles
Thermodynamics
Third
Edition
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Inc.,1998
14-8
Chemical Bonds in the Combustion
Process
When the existing chemcial bonds are destroyed
and new ones are formed during a combustion process, usually a large
amount of sensible energy is realeased
(Fig. 14-15)
Çengel
Boles
Thermodynamics
Third
Edition
WCB/McGraw-Hill © The McGraw-Hill Companies,
Inc.,1998
14-9
Çengel
Boles
Thermodynamics
Third
Edition
WCB/McGraw-Hill © The McGraw-Hill Companies,
Inc.,1998
14-10
Maximum Temperature
of a Combustion Chamber
The temperature of a combustion chamber will be maximum when
combustion is complete and no heat is lost to the surroundings (Q=0)
(Fig. 14-25)
Çengel
Boles
Thermodynamics
Combustion
chamber
Third
Edition
WCB/McGraw-Hill © The McGraw-Hill Companies,
Inc.,1998
14-11
Theoretical Adiabatic Flame
Temperature
The maximum temperature encountered in a combustion chamber is
lower than the theoretical adiabatic flame temperature
Çengel
Boles
Thermodynamics
Third
Edition
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Inc.,1998
14-12
The Entropy Change Associated
With a Chemcal Reaction
Çengel
Boles
Thermodynamics
Third
Edition
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Inc.,1998
14-13
Third
Edition
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Inc.,1998
14-14
The Difference Between Reactant Availability
and Products During a Chemical Reaction
The difference between the availability of the reactants and of the
products during a chemical reaction is the reversible work associated
with the reaction
(Fig. 14-30)
Çengel
Boles
Thermodynamics
Third
Edition
WCB/McGraw-Hill © The McGraw-Hill Companies,
Inc.,1998
14-15
Operation of a Hydrogen-Oxygen
Fuel Cell
(Fig. 14-36)
Çengel
Boles
Thermodynamics
Third
Edition
WCB/McGraw-Hill © The McGraw-Hill Companies,
Inc.,1998
14-16
Chapter Summary
Çengel
Boles
Thermodynamics
Third
Edition
WCB/McGraw-Hill © The McGraw-Hill Companies,
Inc.,1998
14-17
Chapter Summary
Çengel
Boles • The oxidizer most often used in combustion
processes is air. The dry air can be approximated
Thermodynamics
Third
Edition
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Inc.,1998
14-18
Chapter Summary
Çengel
Boles
Thermodynamics
Third
Edition
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Inc.,1998
14-19
Chapter Summary
Third
Edition
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Inc.,1998
14-20
Chapter Summary
ratio AF:
Third
Edition
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Inc.,1998
14-21
Chapter Summary
Çengel
Boles
Thermodynamics
Third
Edition
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Inc.,1998
14-22
Chapter Summary
Çengel
• The minimum amount of air needed for the
Boles complete combustion of a fuel is called the
Thermodynamics
Third
Edition
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Inc.,1998
14-23
Chapter Summary
Çengel
Boles
• The air in excess of the stoichiometric amount is
Thermodynamics
Third
Edition
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Inc.,1998
14-24
Chapter Summary
Third
Edition
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Inc.,1998
14-25
Chapter Summary
Third
Edition
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Inc.,1998
14-26
Chapter Summary
Çengel
Boles
Thermodynamics
Third
Edition
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Inc.,1998
14-27
Chapter Summary
Third
Edition
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Inc.,1998
14-28
Chapter Summary
Chapter Summary
Third
Edition
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Inc.,1998
14-30
Chapter Summary
Third
Edition
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Inc.,1998
14-31
Chapter Summary
Third
Edition
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Inc.,1998
14-32
Chapter Summary
Çengel
Boles • The entropy balance relations developed in Chap.
Thermodynamics
Third
Edition
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Inc.,1998
14-33
Chapter Summary
Çengel
Boles
• Taking the positive direction of heat transfer to be
to the system, the entropy balance relation can be
Thermodynamics
Third
Edition
WCB/McGraw-Hill © The McGraw-Hill Companies,
Inc.,1998
14-34
Chapter Summary
Çengel
Boles • For an adiabatic process the entropy balance
Thermodynamics
relation reduces to
Third
Edition
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Inc.,1998
14-35
Chapter Summary
Çengel
Boles
• The third law of thermodynamics states that the
Thermodynamics
Third
Edition
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Inc.,1998
14-36
Chapter Summary
Third
Edition
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Inc.,1998
14-37
Chapter Summary
Third
Edition
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Inc.,1998
14-38
Chapter Summary
and
Third
Edition
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Inc.,1998
14-39
Chapter Summary
Third
Edition
WCB/McGraw-Hill © The McGraw-Hill Companies,
Inc.,1998