SE-705

Simulation and Modeling

Presented By:
Syed Salman Haider Gilani
2018-AG-4511
Saif
2015-AG-2678
She Afgun
2016-AG-3322
Presented To:
Sir Azam Zia
 Objectives
 Data Warehouse
 OLAP
 What is a Database
 A database contains information organized in
columns, rows, and tables that is periodically indexed
to make accessing relevant information more
accessible.
 What is Data Warehouse
The concept of a data warehouse is not difficult to
understand. Basically the idea is to create a permanent
storage space for the data needed to support reporting,
analysis, and other BI functions. This will allow for
better business decisions because users will have
access to more data.
 Cont
 A data warehousing is defined as a technique for
collecting and managing data from varied sources to
provide meaningful business insights. It is a blend of
technologies and components which aids the strategic
use of data.
 It is electronic storage of a large amount of
information by a business which is designed for query
and analysis instead of transaction processing. It is a
process of transforming data into information and
making it available to users in a timely manner to
make a difference.
 OLAP
OLAP is a category of software that allows users to
analyze information from multiple database systems at
the same time. ... These operations in relational
databases are resource intensive. With OLAP data can
be pre-calculated and pre-aggregated, making analysis
faster. OLAP databases are divided into one or more
cubes.
OLAP cube
 How does it work
 Data is loaded into an OLAP server (or OLAP cube)
where information is pre-calculated in advance for
further analysis.
Basic analytical operations of OLAP
Four types of analytical operations in OLAP are:
 Roll-up
 Drill-down
 Slice and dice
 Pivot (rotate)
 Roll-up
 Roll-up is also known as "consolidation" or
"aggregation." The Roll-up operation can be
performed in 2 ways
 Reducing dimensions
 Climbing up concept hierarchy. Concept hierarchy is a
system of grouping things based on their order or
level.
Cont
 Drill-down
In drill-down data is fragmented into smaller parts. It is
the opposite of the rollup process. It can be done via
 Moving down the concept hierarchy
 Increasing a dimension
Slice and Dice
Cont
 Pivot
 In Pivot, you rotate the data axes to provide a
substitute presentation of data.
Types of OLAP
 ROLAP
ROLAP works with data that exist in a relational
database. Facts and dimension tables are stored as
relational tables. It also allows multidimensional
analysis of data and is the fastest growing OLAP.
 MOLAP
MOLAP uses array-based multidimensional storage
engines to display multidimensional views of data.
Basically, they use an OLAP cube.
Data Warehouse vs Database
Data warehouses and databases are both relational
data systems, but were built to serve different
purposes. A data warehouse is built to store large
quantities of historical data and enable fast, complex
queries across all the data, typically using Online
Analytical Processing (OLAP). A database was built to
store current transactions and enable fast access to
specific transactions for ongoing business processes,
known as Online Transaction Processing (OLTP).
 Optimization
Data warehouses use Online Analytical Processing
(OLAP) that is optimized to handle a low number of
complex queries on aggregated large historical data
sets. Tables are denormalized and transformed to yield
summarized data, multidimensional views, and faster
query response times. Additionally, query response
times are used to measure an OLAP system’s
effectiveness. As a function of business intelligence,
OLAP allows managers and analysts to select, extract,
view, and analyze corporate data to identify and obtain
insights on corporate trends as well as identify
potential issues.
 Data Structure
Most databases use a normalized data structure. Data
normalization means reorganizing data so that it
contains no redundant data, and all related data items
are stored together.
Cont
 Database Use Cases
Database use cases are related to the day-to-day
transactional requirements in an organization. Some
examples of database applications include:
1. An airline using an online booking system
2. A hospital registering a patient
3. A bank adding an ATM withdrawal transaction to an
account
4. A website creating an order for a product it has sold
 Data Warehouse Use Cases
Data warehouse use cases focus on providing high-
level reporting and analysis that lead to more
informed business decisions. Use cases include:
 Financial services
 Banking services
 Consumer goods
 Retail sectors
 Controlled manufacturing
 Types of Data Warehouse
Information processing, analytical processing, and data mining
are the three types of data warehouse applications that are
discussed below −
 Information Processing − A data warehouse allows to process the
data stored in it. The data can be processed by means of
querying, basic statistical analysis, reporting using crosstabs,
tables, charts, or graphs.
 Analytical Processing − A data warehouse supports analytical
processing of the information stored in it. The data can be
analyzed by means of basic OLAP operations, including slice-
and-dice, drill down, drill up, and pivoting.
 Data Mining − Data mining supports knowledge discovery by
finding hidden patterns and associations, constructing analytical
models, performing classification and prediction. These mining
results can be presented using the visualization tools.
 Data Warehouse Layers
 Data Source Layer
 Data Staging Layer
 Data Storage Layer
 Data Presentation Layer
Cont
Characteristics of Data warehouse
 Subject-Oriented
 Integrated
 Time-variant
 Non-volatile
 Integrated
 In Data Warehouse, integration means the
establishment of a common unit of measure for all
similar data from the dissimilar database. The data
also needs to be stored in the Datawarehouse in
common and universally acceptable manner.
Data Warehouse Architectures
There are mainly three types of Datawarehouse
Architectures:
1. Single-tier architecture
2. Two-tier architecture
3. Three-tier architecture
Cont
Datawarehouse Components
 Tools
These tools fall into four different categories:
1. Query and reporting tools
2. Application Development tools
3. Data mining tools
4. OLAP tools
 Refferences
 https://panoply.io/data-warehouse-guide/the-difference-
between-a-database-and-a-data-warehouse/
 https://www.tutorialspoint.com/dwh/dwh_overview.htm
 https://techburst.io/data-warehouse-architecture-an-
overview-2b89287b6071
 https://www.guru99.com/data-warehouse-
architecture.html
 https://www.tutorialspoint.com/dwh/dwh_architecture.h
tm
 https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/data-warehouse-
architecture/
 https://www.guru99.com/online-analytical-
processing.html
Thanks