Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 84 views

    Introduction To Hematology

    Uploaded by

    Reba Philipose
    This document discusses hematopoiesis and the classification of anemias. It defines red blood cell indices and describes the morphological stages of red blood cell, white blood cell, and platelet formation. Anemia is classified based on red blood cell size and hemoglobin content into microcytic, normocytic, and macrocytic types. Causes of anemia include blood loss, impaired red blood cell production, increased red blood cell destruction, and bone marrow disorders. Common symptoms are weakness, fatigue, shortness of breath, and palpitations due to tissue hypoxia.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Introduction To Hematology

    Uploaded by

    Reba Philipose
    84 views23 pages
    This document discusses hematopoiesis and the classification of anemias. It defines red blood cell indices and describes the morphological stages of red blood cell, white blood cell, and platelet formation. Anemia is classified based on red blood cell size and hemoglobin content into microcytic, normocytic, and macrocytic types. Causes of anemia include blood loss, impaired red blood cell production, increased red blood cell destruction, and bone marrow disorders. Common symptoms are weakness, fatigue, shortness of breath, and palpitations due to tissue hypoxia.

    Original Description:

    Introduction to Hematology Powerpoint

    Original Title

    Introduction to Hematology

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document discusses hematopoiesis and the classification of anemias. It defines red blood cell indices and describes the morphological stages of red blood cell, white blood cell, and platelet formation. Anemia is classified based on red blood cell size and hemoglobin content into microcytic, normocytic, and macrocytic types. Causes of anemia include blood loss, impaired red blood cell production, increased red blood cell destruction, and bone marrow disorders. Common symptoms are weakness, fatigue, shortness of breath, and palpitations due to tissue hypoxia.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    84 views23 pages

    Introduction To Hematology

    Uploaded by

    Reba Philipose
    This document discusses hematopoiesis and the classification of anemias. It defines red blood cell indices and describes the morphological stages of red blood cell, white blood cell, and platelet formation. Anemia is classified based on red blood cell size and hemoglobin content into microcytic, normocytic, and macrocytic types. Causes of anemia include blood loss, impaired red blood cell production, increased red blood cell destruction, and bone marrow disorders. Common symptoms are weakness, fatigue, shortness of breath, and palpitations due to tissue hypoxia.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 23

    Hematopoiesis

    Classification of Anemias
     Size  Progressive reduction
     Nucleus  First condenses, then
    pyknotic finally
    extruded

    Hemoglobin synthesis Occurs in the cytoplasm


     Before Hb synthesis  Basophilic

     When Hb appears  Polychromatic

     When Hb synthesis  Eosinophilic

    complete
     Results in the production of Neutrophils, Eosinophils,
    Basophils & Monocytes.
     Stages: Myeloblast, Promyelocyte, Myelocyte,
    Metamyelocyte, Band form, Polymorphonuclear
    leucocyte.
     Is the process of platelet formation.
     Stages: Megakaryoblast, Promegakaryoblast,
    Megakaryocyte, Platelets.
     Platelets are fragments of the cytoplasm of
    Megakaryocytes.
     Normal platelet count: 150 – 450 x 109
     Size: Ranges from 6.7-7.7  : Ranges from 6.7-7.7 µm
    µm  120 days
     Life span 120 days

     Red cell Indices


     82-100
    MCV
     27-32 fL
    MCH
     31-35
    MCHC  11.5-14
    RDW
    MCV – Average volume of the RBC femtolitres.(fL)
    MCH – Average content of Hemoglobin per RBC and is
    expressed in picograms.
    MCHC – Average concentration of hemoglobin in a
    given volume of packed red cells and is expressed in
    grams per deciliter.
    RDW – is a quantitative measure of anisocytosis (%)
     Anemia is defined as a reduction of the total
    circulating red cell mass below normal limits

     Decrease below normal of the Hemoglobin


    concentration, Erythrocyte count or
    Hematocrit.
     Functionally a decrease in the oxygen
    carrying capacity of the blood which leads to
    tissue hypoxia.
     Microcytic Hypochromic anemia.
     Normocytic Normochromic anemia.
     Macrocytic Normochromic anemia
    ANEMIAS DUE TO IMPAIRED RED CELL
    PRODUCTION

    HEMOLYTIC ANEMIAS DUE TO INCREASED


    RED CELL DESTRUCTION

    ANEMIA DUE TO BLOOD LOSS


    Nutritional anemias
     Iron Deficiency anemia
     Vit B12 & Folic acid deficiencies

    Immune mediated injury to progenitors


     Aplasticanemia
     Pure Red Cell Aplasia
    Primary Hematopoietic Neoplasms
     Acute Leukemia
     Myelodysplastic syndrome
     Myeloproliferative neoplasms

     Miscellaneous
    Anemia of Chronic disease
    Marrow suppression due to drugs
    ANEMIAS DUE TO IMPAIRED RED CELL
    PRODUCTION

    HEMOLYTIC ANEMIAS DUE TO INCREASED


    RED CELL DESTRUCTION

    ANEMIA DUE TO BLOOD LOSS


     Intra corpuscular defect
     Hereditary Hemolytic anemias
     Red Cell enzyme deficiencies
     G6PD enzyme deficiency
     Pyruvate Kinase deficiency
     Red Cell Membrane Disorders
     Herediary Spherocytosis
     Hereditary Elliptocytosis
     Hemoglobin Abnormalities

     Thalassemia – Deficient Globin synthesis

     Sickle Cell Disease – Structurally abnormal


    Hemoglobins

     AcquiredGenetic defects
     Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria
     Extra corpuscular defects
     Immune hemolytic anemia
     Hypersplenism
    ANEMIAS DUE TO IMPAIRED RED CELL
    PRODUCTION

    HEMOLYTIC ANEMIAS DUE TO INCREASED


    RED CELL DESTRUCTION

    ANEMIA DUE TO BLOOD LOSS


     Acute Blood loss – Trauma
     Chronic Blood loss – Bleeding from the GI or
    Urinary Tract.
     Due to tissue Hypoxia
     Weakness, Malaise, Easy fatigability.
     Dyspnea on exertion
     Pallor
     Headache, Vertigo, Tinnitus and Lack of
    concentration
     Palpitation, Tachycardia, Cardiac murmurs due to
    compensatory increase in cardiac output
     Anemia is defined as the decrease below normal of
    the hemoglobin concentration, erythrocyte count or
    hematocrit.
     Classified morphologically and etiologically
     Symptoms are due to hypoxia and cardiac
    compensation.
     Red Cell Indices
     Define and Classify Anemias
     Mention the morphological and etiological
    classification of Anemias.

    You might also like