Chemical Equilibrium (Reversible Reactions)

Chemical Equilibrium
(Reversible Reactions)
Objectives:
 Give examples of reversible and irreversible
processes;
 Explain the equilibrium condition in terms of reaction
rates of forward and backward reactions and
concentrations of reactants and products;
Recall:
 Chemical thermodynamics answers the question

“Why do some reactions proceed spontaneously
while some or non-spontaneous?”
 Chemical kinetics answers the question “How fast
a chemical reaction proceeds?”
 Chemical equilibrium, on the other hand,
basically answers the question “How far do
reactions proceed?”
Demonstration : “Camote Tops
Experiment”
 Procedure:
 1. Place vinegar on the camote tops extract and
observe what will happen
 2. Now place Sodium Hydroxide (Lye) to the
camote extract and observe what will happen
Focus Question:
 1. What do you observed?

 2. How does it related to our topic about Equilibrium?
 3. What do you mean by Reversible Reaction?
Experiment: A reversible reaction of
hydrated copper(II) sulfate
 Procedure:
 1. Set up the apparatus as shown (but without water in
the receiving tube – this is to be collected during the
experiment), placing about 5 g of powdered hydrated
copper(II) sulfate in the test-tube. Make sure that the
tube is clamped near the bung as shown.
 2. Heat the blue copper(II) sulfate until it has turned
white. Move the flame along the length of the test-tube
from time-to-time (avoiding the clamp) to prevent water
condensing on the cooler regions and then running down
on to the hot solid, possibly cracking the test-tube. Do not
heat too strongly, nor allow the white colour to darken, as
the copper sulfate may decompose to produce toxic sulfur
oxides.
 3. Act quickly to prevent suck-back if the level of water
collecting in the test-tube reaches the end of the delivery
tube. Lift the clamp stand so that the delivery tube does
not reach into the water in the test-tube.
 4. Allow the anhydrous copper(II) sulfate to cool back to
room temperature.
 5. Holding the test-tube containing anhydrous copper(II)
sulfate in one hand, pour the collected water very slowly
on to the white powder. What observations can you make?
 6. Record any observations made during the heating
process and when the water was poured back onto the
anhydrous copper(II) sulfate
Guide Questions:
1. What observations can you make?

2. How the color of the copper sulfate does implies?
3. After placing water to the copper sulfate, Why
does it return to its original color?
What is Reversible Reaction?
 In reversible reactions, the reactants are not

completely converted into products and some of
the products may be converted back into
reactants.
How do we distinguish an irreversible
reaction from a reversible reaction in a
chemical equation?
 Unlike in irreversible reactions where a single headed
arrow is used , reversible reactions use a double headed
arrow to indicate that the forward and backward
reactions are occurring simultaneously. In general
terms, a reversible reactions may be represented as
follows:
𝑎𝐴 + 𝑏𝐵 ⇌cC + dD
What is Chemical Equilibrium?
What is Chemical Equilibrium?
 A state of balance is also referred to as a state of

equilibrium.
 In a reversible reaction, when the reactants start
to form the products, the products would then
start to reform the reactants
 The two opposing processes happen at different
rates but a certain point in the reaction will be
reached where the rates of the forward and
backward reactions are the same . This is the
state of Chemical Equilibrium
 In a state of chemical equilibrium, since the rate of product formation is
equal to the rate of the reformation of the reactants, then the
concentrations of the reactants and products remain becomes constant
 The state of chemical equilibrium is a highly dynamic state. This means that
though there are no change in the composition of the reaction mixture and
no visible changes taking place, the particles are continuously reacting.
Equilibrium Demonstration:
Recall the Activities:
 1. What can we relate Chemical Equilibrium to the series of experiment?

 2. How do you feel in conducting the experiment?
 3. Why does equilibrium is useful in different processes?
Evaluation:
 Laboratory report that contains relevant data and results to further

understand and comprehend how the experiment connects with the concepts
learned in class and draw the procedure.
 The Laboratory report will be passed on Monday
 The given rubrics will be followed:
Advance study:
 Writing the mass action expression for a given balanced chemical equation for
homogeneous and heterogeneous equilibria
 Predict the direction in which a reaction at equilibrium will shift given the
values of the reaction quotients and the equilibrium constant.

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Chemical Equilibrium

 Chemical thermodynamics answers the question

 1. What do you observed?

1. What observations can you make?

 In reversible reactions, the reactants are not

 A state of balance is also referred to as a state of

 1. What can we relate Chemical Equilibrium to the series of experiment?

 Laboratory report that contains relevant data and results to further

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