MonCAST

Monkayo College of Arts, Sciences and Technology

LEVEL 1
Accredited

THE TEACHER AND

THE CURRICULUM
GARY P. LAGATIERA, LPT, MEdM
Assistant Professor II
“A curriculum is about
your convictions, your
beliefs, about the aims of
education.”
- C. Lim- Ratnam
Historical Foundation of Education
1. EARLY CONCEPTIONS OF EDUCATION
Education for Conformity/ Primitive Education
Aims : To survive and to conform to the tribe to which they belong.
Contents : Practical and Theoretical Education
Methods : Tell me and show me, trial and error, enculturation,
indoctrination
Proponents : Primitives
Historical Foundation of Education
1. EARLY CONCEPTIONS OF EDUCATION
Education for the Preservation of Social Stability/ Orientation Education
Aims : To impress traditional ideas and customs in order to maintain and
perpetuate the long established social order.
Contents : Moral and Theoretical Training
Methods : Imitation, memorization
Proponents : Orientals (Chinese, Indians, Egyptians)
Historical Foundation of Education
1. EARLY CONCEPTIONS OF EDUCATION
Education for the Individuality/ Greek Education
Aims : To promote individual success and welfare through the harmonious
development of the various aspects of human personality.
Spartan- To develop a good soldier in each citizen
Athenian- To perfect man (body & mind) for individual excellence needed
for public usefulness.
Contents : Spartan- Military and physical training
Athenians- Liberal education
Methods : Spartan- Competition and rivalry
Athenians- Principle of individuality
Proponents : Greeks
Historical Foundation of Education
1. EARLY CONCEPTIONS OF EDUCATION
Education for Utilitarianism/ Roman Education
Aim : To educate the Roman youth for realizing, national ideals.
Content : Physical training (martial arts, use of war weapons)
Methods : Elementary- memorization, imitation
Secondary- literary exercises, intensive drill on speech, grammar
Proponents : Romans
Historical Foundation of Education
2. MODERN CONCEPTIONS OF EDUCATION
Education for Rich, Full Life/ Italian or Individualistic
Humanism
Aim : To secure rich and full life for each
individual through contacts with the
ancient
Contents : Grammar, Literature and Mathematics
Methods : Text study, written themes, self-activity
and self- expression
Proponent : Vittorino da Feltre
Historical Foundation of Education
2. MODERN CONCEPTIONS OF EDUCATION
Northern or Social Humanism
Aim : For Social Reform
Contents : Classical and Biblical Literature
(Religious)
Methods : Individualized instruction, repetition and
mastery, motivation, use of praise
and rewards
Proponent : Desiderius Erasmus
Historical Foundation of Education
2. MODERN CONCEPTIONS OF EDUCATION
Reformation
Aim : Religious Moralism
Content : Physical Education, Character education.
Math, History, Science
Methods : Memorization, religious indoctrination
Proponent : Martin Luther
Historical Foundation of Education
2. MODERN CONCEPTIONS OF EDUCATION
Counter – Reformation
Aim : To develop an unquestioning obedience to
the authority of the church
Content : 4R’s (religion included)
Methods :
 Adapting the lesson to the abilities, needs, and
interests of children
 Reviewing the previous lessons
 Repetition for mastery
 Memorization with understanding
 Use of textbooks
Proponents : Christian Brothers, Jansenists, Jesuits
Historical Foundation of Education
2. MODERN CONCEPTIONS OF EDUCATION
Education as Training of the Mind/Formal Discipline
Aim : To train the mind through rigorous exercises
in order to develop intellectual capacities
To form character (mental, physical and
moral
Contents : Classical Languages and Math; Physical
(vigor of the body) mental (mental
power) and moral (good conduct)
Methods : Formal sensation, memory and
reasoning, Drill method
Proponent : John Locke
Historical Foundation of Education
2. MODERN CONCEPTIONS OF EDUCATION
Rationalism
Aim : To enable man to think for themselves
Contents : philosophical/scientific knowledge,
ethics and, morality
Methods : critical analysis, application of reason
Historical Foundation of Education
2. MODERN CONCEPTIONS OF EDUCATION
Education with Harmony with Nature/Naturalistic
Conception of Education
Aim : To develop the individual in accordance with
the laws of human development and to
preserve the natural goodness of man
Contents : Holistic education (physical, moral,
intellectual)
Proponent : Jean Jacques Rousseau
Historical Foundation of Education
2. MODERN CONCEPTIONS OF EDUCATION
Education for Patriotic Citizenship/Nationalistic Conception
Aim : To develop military preparedness and
aggressiveness for the preservation and
glorification of the State
Content : Social Studies
Methods : Practical
Historical Foundation of Education
2. MODERN CONCEPTIONS OF EDUCATION
Education as Psychological Development
Aim : To direct and control growth and development through appropriate
educational procedures
Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi – Social regeneration of humanity
Freidrich Froebel – Development of the child
Jonathan Herbart – Moral Development
Edward Lee Thorndike – realize the fullest satisfaction of human wants
Content : Math, Science, Language, arts, history, literature
Methods : Principles and Laws of Learning
Historical Foundation of Education
2. MODERN CONCEPTIONS OF EDUCATION
Education as a Scientifically Determined Process
Aim : To make education a science
Content : Science
Methods : Experimental, problem – solving, scientific
method and research
Historical Foundation of Education
2. MODERN CONCEPTIONS OF EDUCATION
Education as Social Reconstruction/Social Experimentation
Aim : Prepare for a progressive rebuilding of the social order
Content : Social Studies;
Intellectual – critical examination of the social conditions and social
problems
Civic – intelligent participation and cooperation in civic affairs
Vocational – social relationships of one’s job
Methods : Guidance including social guidance), intelligent and cooperative
participation; Field Trips, Directed Classroom Study
(community life)